ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2019
Ginseng-derived nanoparticles alter macrophage polarization to inhibit melanoma growth.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 296 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
296 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 497 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Particles Reveal Key Therapeutic Benefits. A Comprehensive Review of Evidence.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- A critical systematic review of extracellular vesicle clinical trials.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Pooled it
- Exosome-like nanoparticles derived from fruits, vegetables, and herbs: innovative strategies of therapeutic and drug delivery.Theranostics · 2024Pooled it
- The potential of plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles fromFuture science OA · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles released by in vitro plant cell cultures: emerging systems for vesicle-mediated communication and biomedical translation.Plant cell reports · 2026Review
- Advances in Research onInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in targeted drug delivery: from biological functions to surface engineering.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- The Brucella effector protein BtpB facilitates STAT3 activation to regulate polarization in macrophages during infection.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Natural Product-Derived Vesicles in Nanotherapeutics.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Plant-Derived Vesicles in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Engineering Plant-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles as Bioinspired Nanocarriers: From Physicochemical Properties to Tumor Delivery Performance.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Past, Present, and Future of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Biomedical Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Combinatorial in situ cancer vaccines: unlocking broad and enhanced antitumor responses.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles as emerging cardioprotective agents for cardiovascular diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Leveraging multimodal cancer immunotherapy to amplify the efficacy of oncolytic viruses.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Ginsenosides fromJournal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Beyond polarization: a receptor-centered framework for macrophage function and therapy in skin diseases.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Medicinal Plant-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles: From Basic Research to Biomedical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Recent progress of plant-derived extracellular vesicle-like nanoparticles integrated with biomaterials for skin repair.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- HIRA promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and ameliorates osteoporosis by mediating M2 polarization of macrophages through the YAP1/β-catenin pathway.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
236 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIt is unclear whether plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate interspecies communication with mammalian cells. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) display a continuum of different polarization states between tumoricidal M1 phenotype and tumor-supportive M2 phenotypes, with a lower M1/M2 ratio correlating with tumor growth, angiogenesis and invasion. We investigated whether EVs from ginseng can alter M2-like polarization both in vitro and in vivo to promote cancer immunotherapy.
methodsA novel EVs-liked ginseng-derived nanoparticles (GDNPs) were isolated and characterized from Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. Using GDNPs as an immunopotentiator for altering M2 polarized macrophages, we analyzed associated surface markers, genes and cytokines of macrophages treated with GDNPs. Mice bearing B16F10 melanoma were treated with GDNPs therapy. Tumor growth were assessed, and TAM populations were evaluated by FACS and IF.
resultsGDNPs significantly promoted the polarization of M2 to M1 phenotype and produce total reactive oxygen species, resulting in increasing apoptosis of mouse melanoma cells. GDNP-induced M1 polarization was found to depend upon Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and myeloid differentiation antigen 88 (MyD88)-mediated signaling. Moreover, ceramide lipids and proteins of GDNPs may play an important role in macrophage polarization via TLR4 activation. We found that GDNPs treatment significantly suppressed melanoma growth in tumor-bearing mice with increased presence of M1 macrophages detected in the tumor tissue.
conclusionsGDNPs can alter M2 polarization both in vitro and in vivo, which contributes to an antitumor response. The polarization of macrophages induced by GDNPs is largely dependent on TLR4 and MyD88 signalling. GDNPs as an immunomodulator participate in mammalian immune response and may represent a new class of nano-drugs in cancer immunotherapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.