ArticleBMC research notes2019
Effects of virtual reality-based cognitive training in older adults living without and with mild dementia: a pretest-posttest design pilot study.
Article in BMC research notes, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virtual reality-based cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of virtual reality-based training programs and games on the improvement of cognitive disorders in patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Fully Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Remediation for Adults with Psychosocial Disabilities: A Systematic Scoping Review of Methods Intervention Gaps and Meta-Analysis of Published Effectiveness Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Virtual reality-based training may improve visual memory and some aspects of sustained attention among healthy older adults - preliminary results of a randomized controlled study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Teaching through technology: comparing student experiences of VR and computer simulations in orthoptics education.Bioelectronic medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Feasibility, Usability, and Effects of Leisure-Based Cognitive Training Using a Fully Immersive Virtual Reality System in Older Adults: Single-Arm Pretest-Posttest Pilot Study.JMIR serious games · 2025Article
- Digital Tools for People Without an Alzheimer Disease or Dementia Diagnosis: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Virtual and Augmented Reality Games in Dementia Care: Systematic and Bibliographic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Quantitative Research on Digitalized Treatment Options for Older Adults With Mental Illness: Scoping Review.JMIR mental health · 2025Article
- VR Cognitive-based Intervention for Enhancing Cognitive Functions and Well-being in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Behavioral and EEG Evidence.Psychosocial intervention · 2025Article
- Dementia and Video Games: Systematic and Bibliographic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Virtual Reality Mental Health Interventions in Geriatric Care for Functional or Well-being Enhancement - A Scoping Review.Die Rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Development and Validation of Virtual Reality Cognitive Training for Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Program Evaluation Study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2024Article
- Virtual Reality for the Rehabilitation of Acquired Cognitive Disorders: A Narrative Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effectiveness of the Combined Use of a Brain-Machine Interface System and Virtual Reality as a Therapeutic Approach in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Virtual Reality Training of Social Skills in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Examination of Acceptability, Usability, User Experience, Social Skills, and Executive Functions.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Impact of Virtual Reality Cognitive and Motor Exercises on Brain Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Virtual reality technology in the rehabilitation of post-stroke cognitive impairment: an opinion article on recent findings.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Intervention for the Improvement of Cognitive Function, Depression, and Perceived Stress in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: Pilot Pre-Post Study.JMIR serious games · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveModern technologies are increasingly used in the development of cognitive interventions for older adults. Research into possible applications of virtual reality in such interventions has begun only recently. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of 8 sessions of VR-based cognitive training using the GRADYS game in healthy older adults (n = 72; aged 60-88) and older adults living with mild dementia (n = 27; aged 60-89).
resultsOlder adults with mild dementia demonstrated worse baseline cognitive performance than participants without dementia. Both groups showed progress in training, which was greater in healthy older adults. There were also significant differences in cognitive functioning before and after the training. However, positive changes were revealed almost exclusively in the group of older adults without dementia. Based on the findings, we can recommend the GRADYS game for cognitive enhancement and as a possible counter-measure for cognitive decline experienced in normal cognitive ageing. Our results provide also support for the usefulness of VR technology in cognitive interventions in older adults. The use of the GRADYS game in persons living with dementia, however, would require several of the hardware and software modifications. Trial registration ISRCTN17613444, date of registration: 10.09.2019. Retrospectively registered.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.