ArticleForensic science, medicine, and pathology2020
Acanthamoeba spp. and Balamuthia mandrillaris leading to fatal granulomatous amebic encephalitis.
Article in Forensic science, medicine, and pathology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- The first reported case ofFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The role of plasma metagenomic sequencing in identification of Balamuthia mandrillaris encephalitis.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Fatal amoebic meningoencephalitis caused byFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- The hidden dancers in water: the symbiotic mystery ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Experimental Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis Caused byTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- A case report ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- Induction of Programmed Cell Death inAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Distribution and Current State of Molecular Genetic Characterization in Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Balamuthia spinosa n. sp. (Amoebozoa, Discosea) from the brackish-water sediments of Nivå Bay (Baltic Sea, The Sound) - a novel potential vector of Legionella pneumophila in the environment.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Various brain-eating amoebae: the protozoa, the pathogenesis, and the disease.Frontiers of medicine · 2021Review
- Application of the omics sciences to the study of Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp., and Balamuthia mandrillaris: current status and future projections.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2021Review
- A Japanese case of amoebic meningoencephalitis initially diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid cytology.Clinical case reports · 2020Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acanthamoeba spp. and Balamuthia mandrillaris are free-living amebae known to cause disseminated and fatal central nervous system dysfunction which manifests as granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) with exceedingly rare frequency. We report two lethal cases of infection with free-living amebae: an acute case of Acanthamoeba spp. infection in an immunocompromised female and a subacute case of B. mandrillaris in a Hispanic male. The Acanthamoeba spp. infection presented with an atypical lesion in the thalamus that caused rapid deterioration of the patient while the case of B. mandrillaris had a prolonged clinical course with multifocal lesions beginning in the frontal lobe. Cerebrospinal fluid results were non-specific in both cases, however, post-mortem histology demonstrated the presence of trophozoites along a perivascular distribution of necrosis and infiltrate composed primarily of neutrophils. In addition to detailing the clinical presentations of these infrequent amebic infections, we offer insight into the difficulties surrounding their diagnoses in order to aid the clinician in accurate and timely identification.
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