SynthesisForensic science, medicine, and pathology2020
Suicidal ligature strangulation: a systematic review of the published literature.
Synthesis in Forensic science, medicine, and pathology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Are we Using the Right Evidence to Inform Suicide Prevention in Low- and Middle-Income Countries? An Umbrella Review.Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide ResearchPooled it
- Vehicle-assisted suicidal strangulation: A case report and literature review.Journal of forensic sciences · 2026Review
- Neuroimaging in Non-fatal Strangulation: a Retrospective Analysis of Injury Patterns, Clinical Features and Diagnostic Utility.Clinical neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Combined machine learning identification and experimental validation of NDUFS8 and SUCLG1 as potential biomarkers for mechanical asphyxia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Differentiating homicidal, suicidal, and autoerotic neck compression deaths.Journal of forensic sciences · 2025Article
- Forensic homicidal strangulation in women: Case series and systematic literature review.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2025Article
- Suicide by ligature strangulation and/or hanging inside a motor vehicle: a comprehensive review.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Review
- Interpol review of fibres and textiles 2019-2022.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2023Review
- Asphyxia homicides in Denmark 1992-2016.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Article
- Suicidal strangulation with a lashing belt.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2020Article
- Anthropological analysis of trauma in throat bone and cartilage: A review.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To summarize the published forensic pathology evidence base in deaths concluded to be the result of suicidal ligature strangulation, an uncommon entity. Four electronic bibliographic databases Medline Ovid, Embase, Scopus, HEINonline were screened for relevant literature. No date restrictions were applied. All English language case reports or case series were included. Articles were evaluated and key data extracted according to predefined criteria. A total of 1554 references eventually yielded 24 papers with 31 eligible case reports. The location of the deaths and background circumstances and history mirror broadly those of suicide generally. The range of ligature types was diverse. 19/31 cases reported one or more knots present. In the remaining 12 cases, the ligatures did not lend themselves to knots. In only one case were laryngeal fractures reported, but the available material does not justify confidence in that report given the significance of the finding. This systematic review has identified and synthesized the evidence from 31 case reports of suicidal ligature strangulation. A forensic pathologist faced with a possible case can locate it within the spectrum of reported cases and therefore identify its common and distinguishing features. Inherent difficulties for research in forensic pathology mean that case reports are an important source of learning and evidence for the discipline. Opportunities for improvement exist especially in harmonizing terminology and standardizing techniques generally, and in reports of suicidal ligature strangulation in particular.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.