SynthesisClinical oral investigations2020
The association between smoking and periapical periodontitis: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Clinical oral investigations, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The impact of cardiovascular disease and endodontic outcome: a systematic review of longitudinal studies.Clinical oral investigations · 2020Pooled it
- The relationship of apical periodontitis with chronic diseases and smoking habits: an umbrella review.Odontology · 2026Review
- Hypoxia Exacerbates Periapical Periodontitis-Associated Pathological Bone Loss via the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IV Axis.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Smoking cessation counseling in primary care settings: Cross-sectional views from patients and dentists as key stakeholders.PloS one · 2026Article
- Association Between Blood Benzene Levels and Periodontal Disease in a Nationally Representative Adult U.S. Population.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Synergistic effect of secondhand smoke and apical periodontitis on lung tissue damage in rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Establishment of a Quantitative Method for the Extraction of Nicotine and Cotinine in Gingival Tissue and Relationship Between Gingival Intoxication With Conventional Smoking Biomarkers: A Pilot Study.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2024Article
- NHANES-based analysis of the correlation between leisure-time physical activity, serum cotinine levels and periodontitis risk.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Systematic replication of smoking disease associations using survey responses and EHR data in the All of Us Research Program.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2023Article
- Demographics, smoking status, and systemic health factors associated with apical periodontitis in a Brazilian rural population: a cross-sectional study.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
- A retrospective epidemiological investigation of periodontitis risk and current smoking status based on the number of cigarettes per day and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a preliminary pilot study.Journal of periodontal & implant science · 2023Article
- Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post-endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Restorative dentistry & endodontics · 2022Article
- Effects of electronic cigarette aerosol exposure on oral and systemic health.Biomedical journal · 2021Review
- Smoking and Radiolucent Periapical Lesions in Root Filled Teeth: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe purpose of this systematic review was to examine if, in adult patients, the absence or presence of smoking influenced the prevalence of periapical periodontitis (PP). MATERIALS AND
methodsDatabases were searched, and original research manuscripts up to June 2019 were identified by two reviewers. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for risk of bias. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used for certainty in the evidence. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5 software. Risk ratio (RR) was used for the cohort studies, and odds ratio (OR) was used for the case-control studies with 95% confidence interval (CI).
resultsAll the studies had many covariates and confounding variables. Three longitudinal cohort articles discussed radiographic findings as they related to the prevalence of PP in root-filled teeth. The RR of smoking and the prevalence of PP was 2.11 (95% CI 0.88-5.05, p = 0.09). Nine case-control studies focused on the prevalence of PP and smoking. There was a positive association between smoking and the prevalence of PP with an OR of 2.78 and a 95% confidence interval of 2.23-3.48, with p value < 0.05. The quality of the studies was fair per NOS, and the certainty of the literature assessment was moderate per GRADE.
conclusionsThe current best available evidence suggests that smoking was associated with the prevalence of PP but more studies are needed to report this association in the longitudinal cohort studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Smoking has a positive association with the prevalence of PP.
Indexed as
Identifiers
31773370What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.