ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2019
The Impact of Social Stigma for Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate in Low-resource Areas: A Systematic Review.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cultural Beliefs on Cleft lip and/or Cleft Palate and Their Implications on Management: A Systematic Review.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Cost-Effectiveness of Cleft Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: What is Needed?The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2023Pooled it
- Caries in children with and without orofacial clefting: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Oral diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Oral Health in Children With Cleft Lip and Palate.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2022Pooled it
- 'This is the Test of Our Faith': An Exploratory Study of the Religio-spiritual and Cultural Construction of Cleft Lip and Palate Among Muslim Parents in Punjab, Pakistan.Journal of religion and health · 2026Article
- Orofacial cleft research and the Sustainable Development Goals: a bibliometric study.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Assessment of Caries Risk Through Clinical and Salivary Parameters in Pediatric Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate.Pediatric reports · 2026Article
- Current Animal Models of Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Factors affecting the use of nasoalveolar molding and feeding appliances among nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate in five countries: a cross-sectional study.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026Article
- Article
- Food Security Impacts Health of Children With Orofacial Clefts: An 8-Year Review of the Global Burden of Disease Study.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2026Article
- Interactions between the bone morphogenetic protein and the planar cell polarity pathways lead to distinctive ethanol-induced facial defects.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- The Role of Appearance in Peer Interactions for Early Adolescent Cleft Lip and Palate Patients Post-Repair.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Barriers to Comprehensive Cleft Care as Perceived by Healthcare Professionals in Sub-Saharan Africa.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Children with facial differences experience deficits in emotion skills.Emotion (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Self-Identified Employment Challenges for Young Adults with a Cleft Lip and Palate: A Qualitative Exploration.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Syndromic Persian Toddlers with Orofacial Clefts Undergoing Team Care and Compared with a Control Group.Iranian journal of child neurology · 2025Article
- Factors Associated With Perception of Stigma Among Parents of Children With Cleft Lip and Palate: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Gender inequality and burden of orofacial clefts in the Eastern Mediterranean region: findings from global burden of disease study 1990-2019.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Evidence Mapping and Quality Analysis of Systematic Reviews on Various Aspects Related to Cleft Lip and Palate.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There are still children with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) in low-resource areas who face social rejection. This stigma disadvantages children in education, employment, marriage, and community, and is exacerbated by barriers to care. Our study objective was to conduct a systematic review of the impact of social stigma of CLP for children in low-resource areas. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. A systematic search was conducted of 3 databases: Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, and the African Journal Online from 2000 to October 5 2018. Common themes were identified using a grounded theory approach and quantitatively summarized. The Joanna Briggs Institute criteria were used to evaluate the risk-of-bias assessments. Four hundred seventy-seven articles were screened; 15 articles were included that focused on the impact of social stigma on CLP in low-resource areas. This was limited to English articles. The majority of studies originated in Nigeria or India. Themes were reported as follows: societal beliefs (n = 9; 60%), social impact (n = 7; 46%), marriage (n = 7; 46%), education (n = 6; 40%), employment (n = 5; 33%), and psychological distress (n = 3; 20%). Causes include the effect of "God's will," supernatural forces, evil spirits or ancestral spirits, exposure to an eclipse, black magic, or a contagion. Further, children with CLP may not be worth a full name or considered human and killed. Awareness of the impact of social stigma for children with CLP in low-resource areas generates support toward national education and awareness in low-resource areas.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.