ReviewMucosal immunology2020
Therapeutic host-directed strategies to improve outcome in tuberculosis.
Review in Mucosal immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of glycemic control on tuberculosis treatment outcomes among patients with tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Pooled it
- Adjunctive ibuprofen in pre-extensively drug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a phase IIA open-label pilot clinical trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- The Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitor Etoricoxib as Adjunctive Therapy in Tuberculosis Impairs Macrophage Control of Mycobacterial Growth.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Randomized Trial of Metformin With Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs for Early Sputum Conversion in Adults With Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Neutrophils and tuberculosis - insights into immunobiology and pathogenesis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Inflammasome activation dictates the efficacy of antimycobacterial activity of frontline TB drugs.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Prognostic Performance of C-Reactive Protein for Tuberculosis Outcome: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Immune endotypes in tuberculosis: Keys to decoding disease complexity.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- mRNA vaccine development for tuberculosis: antigen design, immune mechanisms, and translational challenges.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Targeting Tryptophan Metabolism for Tuberculosis Biomarkers and Host-Directed Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Granuloma dual RNA-seq reveals composite transcriptional programs driven by neutrophils and necrosis within tuberculous granulomas.Science advances · 2026Article
- Latent tuberculosis infection in high TB disease burden countries dysregulates cellular and immunological profiles which is further enhanced with uncontrolled hyperglycemia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Editorial: Vaccines and molecular therapeutics for tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Autophagy in tuberculosis: advances, translational gaps, and the promise of host-directed therapies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Sequestration of the phagocyte metabolite itaconate by Pseudomonas aeruginosa RpoN promotes successful pulmonary infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- IFN-γ and IL-17 elicit synergistic anti-mycobacterial responses by inhibiting coronin-1A retention.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Deep immune profiling delineates hallmarks of disease heterogeneity in extrapulmonary tuberculosis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The health impact of identifying a person with tuberculosis through systematic screening.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Host-directed therapeutic targets in macrophages and their ligands against mycobacteria tuberculosis.Infection and immunity · 2025Review
- Challenges and Potential of Antibody-Drug Conjugates as Prospective Tuberculosis Therapeutics.Microorganisms · 2025Review
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only licenced tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, but has limited efficacy against pulmonary TB disease development and modest protection against extrapulmonary TB. Preventative antibiotic treatment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections in high-prevalence settings is unfeasible due to unclear treatment durability, drug toxicity, logistical constraints related to directly observed treatment strategy (DOTS) and the lengthy treatment protocols. Together, these factors promote non-adherence, contributing to relapse and establishment of drug-resistant Mtb strains. Although antibiotic treatment of drug-susceptible Mtb is generally effective, drug-resistant TB has a treatment efficacy below 50% and can, in a proportion, develop into progressive, untreatable disease. Other immune compromising co-infections and/or co-morbidities require more complex prevention/treatment approaches, posing huge financial burdens to national health services. Novel TB treatment strategies, such as host-directed therapeutics, are required to complement pathogen-targeted approaches. Pre-clinical studies have highlighted promising candidates that enhance endogenous pathways and/or limit destructive host responses. This review discusses promising pre-clinical candidates and forerunning compounds at advanced stages of clinical investigation in TB host-directed therapeutic (HDT) efficacy trials. Such approaches are rationalized to improve outcome in TB and shorten treatment strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.