ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Human iPSC-derived microglia assume a primary microglia-like state after transplantation into the neonatal mouse brain.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 220 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineered tissues and strategies to overcome challenges in drug development.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Translational modelling of human microglia from cultures to chimeras.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Microglial states revisited: from homeostasis to disease.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Metabolic reprogramming of microglia: Effects on development, disease, and therapeutic potential.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- IL-9R/Arg1 pathway promotes polyamine metabolism in human airway macrophages.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Cell Death in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Human Stem Cell-Derived Models of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimmune System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Human-specific SRGAP2 paralogs synchronize neotenic microglial maturation and synaptic development.Neuron · 2026Article
- Review
- Immune response to adeno-associated viral vectors in a human iPSC-derived microglia chimeric mouse model.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- A scalable human-zebrafish xenotransplantation model reveals gastrosome-mediated processing of dying neurons by human microglia.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Computational design of synthetic receptors with programmable signalling activity for enhanced cancer T cell therapy.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Neurogenin-2 Reprograms Human Microglial Lineage Cells into Neurons In Vitro and in Chimeric Brains.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Microglia-associated progression of multiple sclerosis: target identification and therapeutic engagement in human in vitro models.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Chimeric brain models to study human glial-neuronal and macroglial-microglial interactions.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Exploring retinal microglia: development, degeneration, and iPSC-derived model systems.Brain structure & function · 2026Review
- Microglia across evolution: from conserved origins to functional divergence.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Systematic characterization of existing and novel inducible transgenic systems in human pluripotent stem cells after prolonged differentiation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Human iPSC-Derived Microglia Integrate Into Cerebral Organoids and Assume an In Vivo-Like Phenotype.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Controlled Delivery of a Neurotrophic Factor in the Adult Mouse Brain Using Engineered Microglia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microglia are essential for maintenance of normal brain function, with dysregulation contributing to numerous neurological diseases. Protocols have been developed to derive microglia-like cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). However, primary microglia display major differences in morphology and gene expression when grown in culture, including down-regulation of signature microglial genes. Thus, in vitro differentiated microglia may not accurately represent resting primary microglia. To address this issue, we transplanted microglial precursors derived in vitro from hiPSCs into neonatal mouse brains and found that the cells acquired characteristic microglial morphology and gene expression signatures that closely resembled primary human microglia. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of transplanted microglia showed similar cellular heterogeneity as primary human cells. Thus, hiPSCs-derived microglia transplanted into the neonatal mouse brain assume a phenotype and gene expression signature resembling that of resting microglia residing in the human brain, making chimeras a superior tool to study microglia in human disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.