ArticleBMC public health2019
"I can make more from selling medicine when breaking the rules" - understanding the antibiotic supply network in a rural community in Viet Nam.
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perspectives and Challenges of Healthcare Professionals, Patients, and Caregivers Regarding Utilizing Antibiotics and Implementing Antibiotic Stewardship in Healthcare Facilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The effectiveness of Ghana's antibiotic control policy framework: an analysis using the Anderson governance framework.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2026Article
- Exploring the Role of Psychologists on Addiction Consult Services in Acute Care Settings.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2025Review
- Antibiotic dispensing practices in community pharmacies: Implications for antimicrobial stewardship in resource-constrained settings.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- Status and implications of the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards AWaRe antibiotic use, resistance and stewardship among low- and middle-income countries.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Dilemmas of care: Healthcare seeking behaviours and antibiotic use among women in rural communities in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Empowering Thai community pharmacists in combating antimicrobial resistance: Qualitative insight and sentiment analysis.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Understanding antibiotic purchasing practices in community pharmacies: A potential driver of emerging antimicrobial resistance.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Understanding Acceptability and Willingness-to-pay for a C-reactive Protein Point-of-care Testing Service to Improve Antibiotic Dispensing for Respiratory Infections in Vietnamese Pharmacies: A Mixed-methods Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Community antibiotic consumption and associated factors in Lusaka district of Zambia: findings and implications for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Public perception and community-level impact of national action plans on antimicrobial resistance in Vietnam.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Mapping access to drug outlets in Vietnam: distribution of drug outlets and the sociodemographic characteristics of the communities they serve.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Article
- Non-prescribed antibiotic use for children at community levels in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial dispensing process in community pharmacies: a scoping review.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Article
- Country data on AMR in Vietnam in the context of community-acquired respiratory tract infections: links between antibiotic susceptibility, local and international antibiotic prescribing guidelines, access to medicines and clinical outcome.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Article
- A National Survey of Dispensing Practice and Customer Knowledge on Antibiotic Use in Vietnam and the Implications.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Inappropriate supply of antibiotics for common viral infections by community pharmacies in Vietnam: A standardised patient survey.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2022Article
- Community drug retail outlet staff's knowledge, attitudes and practices towards non-prescription antibiotics use and antibiotic resistance in the Amhara region, Ethiopia with a focus on non-urban towns.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Article
- Community pharmacies, drug stores, and antibiotic dispensing in Indonesia: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Mapping the Antimicrobial Supply Chain in Bangladesh: A Scoping-Review-Based Ecological Assessment Approach.Global health, science and practice · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAs in many other low and middle income countries (LIMCs), Vietnam has experienced a major growth in the pharmaceutical industry, with large numbers of pharmacies and drug stores, and increasing drug expenditure per capita over the past decade. Despite regulatory frameworks that have been introduced to control the dispensing and use of prescription-only drugs, including antibiotics, compliance has been reported to be strikingly low particularly in rural parts of Vietnam. This qualitative study aimed to understand antibiotic access and use practices in the community from both supplier and consumer perspectives in order to support the identification and development of future interventions.
methodsThis qualitative study was part of a project on community antibiotic access and use (ABACUS) in six LMICs. The focus was Ba Vi district of Hanoi capital city, where we conducted 16 indepth interviews (IDIs) with drug suppliers, and 16 IDIs and 6 focus group discussions (FGDs) with community members. Drug suppliers were sampled based on mapping of all informal and formal antibiotic purchase or dispensing points in the study area. Community members were identified through local networks and relationships with the field collaborators. All IDIs and FGDs were audio-taped, transcribed and analysed using content analysis.
resultsWe identified a large number of antibiotic suppliers in the locality with widespread infringements of regulatory requirements. Established reciprocal relationships between suppliers and consumers in drug transactions were noted, as was the consumers' trust in the knowledge and services provided by the suppliers. In addition, antibiotic use has become a habitual choice in most illness conditions, driven by both suppliers and consumers.
conclusionsThis study presents an analysis of the practices of antibiotic access and use in a rural Vietnamese setting. It highlights the interactions between antibiotic suppliers and consumers in the community and identifies possible targets for interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.