ReviewToxins2019
Tables of Toxicity of Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins.
Review in Toxins, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- First-in-Human Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Single Doses of NTM-1633, a Novel Mixture of Monoclonal Antibodies against Botulinum Toxin E.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Trial
- Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of NTM-1632, a Novel Mixture of Three Monoclonal Antibodies against Botulinum Toxin B.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021Trial
- Structure and functional divergence of the non-canonical BoNT-like toxin PG1 and PG2.Nature communications · 2026Article
- An Integrated Diagnostic Approach to Severe Generalized Canine Tetanus: Serial Neurological, Clinicopathological and Electromyographic Assessment with Successful Clinical Management.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Equine botulism.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Review
- Enteric botulinum neurotoxins facilitate infection byScience advances · 2026Article
- Proteolytic Activities and Immunological Effects of Light Chains of Botulinum Neurotoxin A1, A2 and A3 Subtypes.Toxins · 2025Article
- Gut mucin fucosylation dictates the entry of botulinum toxin complexes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Identification and characterization of botulinum neurotoxin-like two-component toxins inScience advances · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Modulation of the Nox2-Hv1-ROS Axis by Botulinum Neurotoxin A Confers Protection Against CoClInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Intrathecal monovalent fragments from two human monoclonal antibodies block tetanus neurotoxin in rodents.iScience · 2025Article
- Gut mucin fucosylation dictates the entry of botulinum toxin complexes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxins: History, Mechanism, and Applications. A Narrative Review.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- The Role of a Conserved Arg-Asp Pair in the Structure and Function of Tetanus Neurotoxin.Toxins · 2025Article
- Structures of native SV2A reveal the binding mode for tetanus neurotoxin and anti-epileptic racetams.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Cryo-EM structure of the botulinum neurotoxin A/SV2B complex and its implications for translocation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Preventive Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxin Long-Term Therapy: Comparison of the 'Experienced' Benefits and 'Suspected' Worsening Across Disease Entities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Recombinant expression of receptor binding domains of all eight subtypes of botulinum neurotoxin type A for generation of antitoxins with broad reactivity.F1000Research · 2025Article
- Characterization of neutralizing chimeric heavy-chain antibodies against tetanus toxin.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins are the most poisonous substances known, so much so as to be considered for a possible terrorist use. At the same time, botulinum neurotoxin type A1 is successfully used to treat a variety of human syndromes characterized by hyperactive cholinergic nerve terminals. The extreme toxicity of these neurotoxins is due to their neurospecificity and to their metalloprotease activity, which results in the deadly paralysis of tetanus and botulism. Recently, many novel botulinum neurotoxins and some botulinum-like toxins have been discovered. This large number of toxins differs in terms of toxicity and biological activity, providing a potential goldmine for novel therapeutics and for new molecular tools to dissect vesicular trafficking, fusion, and exocytosis. The scattered data on toxicity present in the literature require a systematic organization to be usable by scientists and clinicians. We have assembled here the data available in the literature on the toxicity of these toxins in different animal species. The internal comparison of these data provides insights on the biological activity of these toxins.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.