Observational studyAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2019
Pattern of inappropriate antibiotic use among hospitalized patients in Pakistan: a longitudinal surveillance and implications.
Observational study in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibiotic Prescribing in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients Before Implementation of a Syndromic Antibiogram at Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique.Pediatric reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Contextual analysis of antibiotic prescribing practices for upper respiratory infections and diarrhoea in rural Punjab, Pakistan.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- High burden of viridans streptococcal endocarditis linked to multidrug resistance and regional risk factors: a molecular epidemiological report from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Distribution ofThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Review
- Adapting global guidelines to local contexts: optimising community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) specific prescribing in Pakistan to counter antimicrobial resistance.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Unequal budgeting and limited WHO AWaRe Access antibiotics in Punjab: procurement policy gaps in Pakistan's National Action Plan against antimicrobial resistance.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Usage Among Acutely Ill Hospitalized Children Aged 2‒23 Months in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Status of antimicrobial resistance in food animals in Pakistan (2016-2020): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2025Article
- Assessment of water quality and occurrence of multidrug-resistant clinically relevant bacteria in drinking water in the twin cities of Pakistan.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2025Article
- Antibiotic Utilization and Resistance According to the WHO AWaRe Classification in Intensive Care Units After COVID-19 Third Wave in Pakistan: Findings and Implications.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Article
- Long-Term Outcomes of a Health Information System-Based Feedback Intervention Study of Antimicrobial Prescriptions in Primary Care Institutions: Follow-Up of a Randomized Cross-Over Controlled Trial.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Progress on the Global Research Agenda for Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Health in Pakistan: Findings and Implications.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Review
- Antibiotic Prescribing Practices in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis.Cureus · 2024Article
- Retracted: Antibiotic Prescribing Behavior of Physicians in Outpatient Departments in Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia: Structural Equation Modeling Approach.Interactive journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Antibiotic use and adherence to the WHO AWaRe guidelines across 16 hospitals in Zambia: a point prevalence survey.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Determinants of antibiotic prescribing in primary care in Vietnam: a qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Article
- Antibiotic use in surgical infections at a tertiary teaching hospital in Ghana.Ghana medical journal · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The inappropriate use of antibiotics in hospitals increases resistance, morbidity, and mortality. Little is currently known about appropriate antibiotic use among hospitals in Lahore, the capital city of Pakistan. Methods: Longitudinal surveillance was conducted over a period of 2 months among hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. Antibiotic treatment was considered inappropriate on the basis of a wrong dosage regimen, wrong indication, or both based on the British National Formulary. Results: A total of 2022 antibiotics were given to 1185 patients. Out of the total prescribed, approximately two-thirds of the study population (70.3%) had at least one inappropriate antimicrobial. Overall, 27.2% of patients had respiratory tract infections, and out of these, 62.8% were considered as having inappropriate therapy. Cephalosporins were extensively prescribed among patients, and in many cases, this was inappropriate (67.2%). Penicillins were given to 283 patients, out of which 201 (71.0%) were prescribed for either the wrong indication or dosage or both. Significant variations were also observed regarding inappropriate prescribing for several antimicrobials including the carbapenems (70.9%), aminoglycosides (35.8%), fluoroquinolones (64.2%), macrolides (74.6%) and other antibacterials (73.1%). Conclusion: Educational interventions, institutional guidelines, and antimicrobial stewardship programs need to be developed to enhance future appropriate antimicrobial use in hospitals in Pakistan. Policies by healthcare and Government officials are also needed to minimize inappropriate antibiotic use.
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