ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Enterotoxins can support CAR T cells against solid tumors.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antigen-IL-2 CAR-enhancer drives CAR-T fate and stemness, enhancing antitumor efficacy across models independent of IL-2Rα.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Optimised modular anti-FLAG CAR T cells for solid tumor therapy.Clinical & translational immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Car T Cells in Solid Tumors: Overcoming Obstacles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Superantigen-fused T cell engagers for tumor antigen-mediated robust T cell activation and tumor cell killing.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Unraveling the gut microbiome's contribution to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Editorial: Understanding and Engineering Antibody-Superantigen Interactions.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Enhancing Adoptive Cell Transfer with Combination BRAF-MEK and CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Melanoma.Cancers · 2021Article
- Soluble Expression of Fc-Fused T Cell Receptors Allows Yielding Novel Bispecific T Cell Engagers.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Understanding T cell phenotype for the design of effective chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor T cells engineered to secrete CD40 agonist antibodies enhance antitumor efficacy.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Superantigen Recognition and Interactions: Functions, Mechanisms and Applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Enhancing co-stimulation of CAR T cells to improve treatment outcomes in solid cancers.Immunotherapy advances · 2021Review
- Article
- Innovative approaches to immunotherapy in breast cancer.Journal of thoracic disease · 2020Article
- Current status, challenges and perspectives: immunotherapy and tumour microenvironment in thoracic cancer.Journal of thoracic disease · 2020Article
- CAR-T Cells Hit the Tumor Microenvironment: Strategies to Overcome Tumor Escape.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Enhancing chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy against cancer using a nanoemulsion-based vaccine targeting cross-presenting dendritic cells.Clinical & translational immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Responses of solid tumors to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy are often minimal. This is potentially due to a lack of sustained activation and proliferation of CAR T cells when encountering antigen in a profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this study, we investigate if inducing an interaction between CAR T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in lymphoid tissue, away from an immunosuppressive microenvironment, could enhance solid-tumor responses. We combined CAR T cell transfer with the bacterial enterotoxin staphylococcal enterotoxin-B (SEB), which naturally links a proportion of T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ subtypes to MHC-II, present on APCs. CAR T cell proliferation and function was significantly enhanced by SEB. Solid tumor-growth inhibition in mice was increased when CAR T cells were administered in combination with SEB. CAR T cell expansion in lymphoid tissue was demonstrated, and inhibition of lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes using FTY720 abrogated the benefit of SEB. We also demonstrate that a bispecific antibody, targeting a c-Myc tag on CAR T cells and cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), could also enhance CAR T cell activity and mediate increased antitumor activity of CAR T cells. These model systems serve as proof-of-principle that facilitating the interaction of CAR T cells with APCs can enhance their ability to mediate antitumor activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.