ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
Analysis of Toxic Metals in Liquid from Electronic Cigarettes.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and suicide deaths in people living with HIV: Are there differences between geographic locations or sexes? : An overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Extractable and Leachable Studies on Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Components and E‑liquid Containers.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Analytical investigation of metal distribution from e-cigarette aerosols to lung deposition using multi-platform mass spectrometry.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Article
- Molecular Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Vaping during pregnancy and maternal, fetal, and infant health outcomes: A scoping review of human and animal studies.PloS one · 2026Article
- A New Aerosol Respiratory Deposition Approach: Health Risks of Metals in Aerosols from Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Heated Tobacco Products.Journal of aerosol science · 2026Article
- Detection of Metal-Containing Particles in FDA-Authorized and New Disposable Electronic Cigarette Aerosols.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Tracking metal presence in cannabis vaping products from source to inhalation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unflavored electronic cigarette exposure induces alterations in airway ciliary structure and function.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Quantification of 16 Metals in Fluids and Aerosols From Ultrasonic Pod-Style Cigarettes and Comparison to Electronic Cigarettes.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Electronic Cigarette-Derived Metals: Exposure and Health Risks in Vapers.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Review
- Review
- Review
- Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents in E-Liquids and Aerosols from Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS).Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Lactic Acid Salts of Nicotine Potentiate the Transfer of Toxic Metals into Electronic Cigarette Aerosols.Toxics · 2024Article
- The impact of sucralose and neotame on the safety of metal precipitation in electronic cigarettes.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Metal Concentrations in E-Cigarette Aerosol Samples: A Comparison by Device Type and Flavor.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Environmental tobacco smoke exposure is associated with increased levels of metals in children's saliva.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As the technology of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including e-cigarettes, evolves, assessing metal concentrations in liquids among brands over time becomes challenging. A method for quantification of chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, tin, and lead in ENDS liquids using triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was developed. The method's limits of detection (LODs) were 0.031, 0.032, 3.15, 1.27, 0.108, 0.099, 0.066 µg/g for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, and Pb respectively. Liquids analyzed were from different brands and flavors of refill bottles or single-use, rechargeable, and pod devices from different years. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy further evaluated the device components' compositions. Refill liquids before contacting a device were below lowest reportable levels (LRL) for all metals. Copper and zinc were elevated in liquids from devices containing brass. Cadmium was <LRL in all liquids and was not observed in device components. Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, and Pb, reported in µg/g, ranged from <LRL to 0.396, 4.04, 903, 454, 0.898, and 13.5 respectively. Elevated metal concentrations in the liquid were also elevated in aerosol from the corresponding device. The data demonstrates the impact of device design and materials on toxic metals in ENDS liquid.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.