ArticlePloS one2019
Smoking and other determinants of bone turnover.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bone turnover in arginine vasopressin deficiency: a comparative study with primary polydipsia and healthy controls.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Trial
- Update on the role of bone turnover markers in the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis: a consensus paper from The European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO), International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), and International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC).Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Review
- Bone turnover markers, and growth and bone parameters in infants participating in a vitamin D intervention study.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- A prospective cohort study: promising results with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of anterior bridge plating in adult humeral shaft fractures.Clinics in shoulder and elbow · 2024Article
- Close negative correlation of local and circulating Dickkopf-1 and Sclerostin levels during human fracture healing.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Serum levels of bone turnover markers including calculation ofBone reports · 2023Article
- Pathophysiological Aspects of Muscle Atrophy and Osteopenia Induced by Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI) of the Sciatic Nerve in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Bone Metabolism in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Case-control Study.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2022Article
- Review
- Sclerostin: From Molecule to Clinical Biomarker.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Risk of Nonunion in Smokers Revisited: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Global spine journal · 2022Article
- Environmental Factors That Affect Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin Levels.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- New Generation of Meso and Antiprogestins (SPRMs) into the Osteoporosis Approach.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Smoking behavior and circulating vitamin D levels in adults: A meta-analysis.Food science & nutrition · 2021Review
- Skeletal System Biology and Smoke Damage: From Basic Science to Medical Clinic.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The balance between bone resorption and formation may be assessed by measurement of bone turnover markers (BTMs), like carboxyl-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1) and procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP). Smoking has been shown to influence bone turnover and to reduce bone mass density (BMD), the exact mechanism for this is, however, not settled. In this post-hoc study including 406 subjects (mean age 51.9 years), we aimed to study the impact of smoking on bone turnover. Moreover, we wanted to assess the inter-correlation between substances regulating bone metabolism and BTMs, as well as tracking over time. BMD measurements and serum analyses of CTX-1, P1NP, osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor ĸB ligand (RANKL), Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), sclerostin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and leptin were performed. Repeated serum measurements were made in 195 subjects after four months. Adjustments were made for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, insulin resistance, serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and creatinine. Smokers had higher levels of DKK1 and OPG, and lower levels of RANKL, as reflected in lower BTMs and BMD compared to non-smokers. There were strong and predominantly positive inter-correlations between BTMs and the other substances, and there was a high degree of tracking with Spearman's rho from 0.72 to 0.92 (P < 0.001) between measurements four months apart. In conclusion, smokers exhibited higher levels of DKK1 and OPG and a lower bone turnover than did non-smokers. The strong inter-correlations between the serum parameters illustrate the coupling between bone resorption and formation and crosstalk between cells.
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