ArticleObstetrics and gynecology2019
Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Postpartum Pain Evaluation and Management.
Article in Obstetrics and gynecology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain - United States, 2022.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2022Guideline
- Comparing Patient to Provider Perceptions of Birth Trauma: What are We Missing?Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Postpartum Health Disparities During the Birth Hospitalization in the United States: A Scoping Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Building Equitable Linkages with Interprofessional Education Valuing Everyone (BELIEVE): research protocol for a multisite step-wedge cluster randomized trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Disparities associated with race and ethnicity in pain management: a scoping review.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Identifying potentially modifiable risk factors associated with racially disparate postoperative outcomes following benign hysterectomy.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- Mapping global research on labor and postpartum pain management: a bibliometric analysis (2000-2025).International journal for equity in health · 2026Review
- Patient-reported postoperative pain and stigmatizing language in anesthesia notes: a cross-sectional study (2017-2019).International journal of obstetric anesthesia · 2026Article
- Clinician Perspectives on the Assessment and Management of Postpartum Pain.American journal of perinatology · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Postpartum Pain and Opioid Consumption after Cesarean Delivery.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2026Observational
- A Critical Review of Post-Childbirth Pain Experiences and Management in Relation to Postpartum Depression Risk for Racial and Ethnic Minorities.Current psychiatry reports · 2025Review
- Black Women's Mental Health Needs and Recommendations After Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Qualitative Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
- Neuraxial labor analgesia use among racial and ethnic groups in the United States, 2016-2022.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Development and implementation of an entity relationship diagram for perinatal data.JAMIA open · 2025Article
- Towards a more equitable future: development, implementation, and evaluation of a novel e-course on racial disparities in pain management for medical students.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Disparities in Pain Evaluation and Treatment During Labor: A Racial and Ethnic Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Development of an implementation intervention to promote adoption of the COMFORT clinical practice guideline for peripartum pain management: a qualitative study.Implementation science communications · 2025Article
- Effect of varying doses of dexmedetomidine added to dexamethasone-enhanced TAPB for post-cesarean pain management.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Can theory-driven implementation interventions help clinician champions promote opioid stewardship after childbirth? Protocol for a pragmatic implementation study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate whether the frequency of pain assessment and treatment differed by patient race and ethnicity for women after cesarean birth.
methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of all women who underwent cesarean birth resulting in a liveborn neonate at a single institution between July 1, 2014, and June 30, 2016. Pain scores documented and medications administered after delivery were grouped into 0-24 and 25-48 hours postpartum time periods. Number of pain scores recorded, whether any pain score was 7 of 10 or greater, and analgesic medication administered were calculated. Models were adjusted for propensity scores incorporating maternal age, body mass index, gestational age, nulliparity, primary compared with repeat cesarean delivery, classical hysterotomy, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.
resultsA total of 1,987 women were identified, and 1,701 met inclusion criteria. There were 30,984 pain scores documented. Severe pain (7/10 or greater) was more common among black (28%) and Hispanic (22%) women than among women who identified as white (20%) or Asian (15%). In the first 24 hours after cesarean birth, non-Hispanic white women had more documented pain assessments (adjusted mean 10.2) than, black, Asian, and Hispanic women (adjusted mean 8.4-9.5; P<.05). Results at 25-48 hours were similar, compared with non-Hispanic white women (adjusted mean 8.3). Black, Asian, and Hispanic women and women who were identified as other all received less narcotic medication at 0-24 hours postpartum (adjusted mean 5.1-7.5 oxycodone tablet equivalents; P<.001-.05), as well as at 25-28 hours postpartum.
conclusionRacial and ethnic inequities in the experience, assessment and treatment of postpartum pain were identified. A limitation of our study is that we were unable to assess the role of patient beliefs about expression of pain, patient preferences with regards to pain medication, and beliefs and potential biases among health care providers.
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