ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2019
Understanding HIV Program Effects: A Structural Approach to Context Using the Transportability Framework.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05419232 (RADx Up Safe Return to Schools), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
RADx Up Safe Return to Schools: Strategies to Increase Vaccine Uptake
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Barriers to engagement in the care cascade for tuberculosis disease in India: A systematic review of quantitative studies.PLoS medicine · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of HIV Testing Implementation Strategies in Sub-Saharan African Countries.AIDS and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- Conceptualizing patient-level adverse effects in implementation trials.Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Effectiveness and implementation of decentralized, community- and primary care-based strategies in promoting hepatitis B testing uptake: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Dissemination and implementation research coordination and training to improve cardiovascular health in people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: the research coordinating center of the HLB-SIMPLe Alliance.Implementation science communications · 2024Article
- Neighborhood-level characteristics as effect modifiers on the efficacy of the MyPEEPS mobile intervention in same-sex attracted adolescent men.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Instrumental variables for implementation science: exploring context-dependent causal pathways between implementation strategies and evidence-based interventions.Implementation science communications · 2023Article
- Strengthening implementation guidelines for HIV service delivery: Considerations for future evidence generation and synthesis.PLoS medicine · 2023Article
- Invited Commentary: Conducting and Emulating Trials to Study Effects of Social Interventions.American journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Revisiting concepts of evidence in implementation science.Implementation science : IS · 2022Article
- Mechanism mapping to advance research on implementation strategies.PLoS medicine · 2022Review
- Evidence-based policymaking when evidence is incomplete: The case of HIV programme integration.PLoS medicine · 2021Article
- Implementing Implementation Research: Teaching Implementation Research to HIV Researchers.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- Improving Care Outcomes for PLWH Experiencing Homelessness and Unstable Housing: a Synthetic Review of Clinic-Based Strategies.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImplementation science focuses on evaluating strategies for delivering evidence-based interventions to improve HIV prevention and treatment. The effectiveness of these implementation strategies is often context-dependent and reconciling the desire to produce generalizable knowledge in the face of these contextual interventions is a central challenge for implementation science researchers.
methodsWe provide an overview of the causal transportability theory and conceptualize context under this framework. We review how causal graphs can be used to illustrate the assumptions necessary to apply the results of a study to a new context, and we illustrate this approach using an example of a community adherence group intervention that aims to improve retention in HIV care. Finally, we discuss several key insights highlighted by the transportability theory that are relevant to implementation science researchers.
resultsBy adopting causal transportability to consider how context may affect the success of an implementation strategy, researchers can formally diagnose when the results of a study are likely to generalize to a given setting. Moreover, selection diagrams can highlight what additional measurements would be needed in a target population to estimate the effect of an implementation strategy in that target population without having to repeat the initial study.
conclusionsTransportability translates intuition about context-dependent interventions and external validity into actionable and testable insight.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.