ArticlePreventive medicine reports2019
Patterns and trends of dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among U.S. adults, 2015-2018.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of e-cigarette use among cancer survivors.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2024Pooled it
- E-cigarettes and nicotine abstinence: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A Factorial Randomized Clinical Trial of Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Treatment Recommendations to Quit Versus Continue E-cigarettes When Quitting Smoking in Young Adult Dual Users.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Patient perceptions of the use of e-cigarettes in smoking treatment programs: a qualitative analysis.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Trial
- Acute analgesic effect of nicotine vaping using three experimental pain induction tasks: a randomized, placebo-controlled laboratory study.Psychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Part two: an unblinded, parallel, randomized study to assess nicotine pharmacokinetics of four Vuse Solo ENDS flavors in smokers.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Changes in Nicotine Dependence Among Smokers Using Electronic Cigarettes to Reduce Cigarette Smoking in a Randomized Controlled Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Trial
- Changes in dependence, withdrawal, and craving among adult smokers who switch to nicotine salt pod-based e-cigarettes.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Trial
- Changes in Biomarkers of Cigarette Smoke Exposure After 6 Days of Switching Exclusively or Partially to Use of the JUUL System with Two Nicotine Concentrations: A Randomized Controlled Confinement Study in Adult Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Trial
- Targeted smoking cessation for dual users of combustible and electronic cigarettes: a randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Public health · 2021Trial
- A Facebook intervention to address cigarette smoking and heavy episodic drinking: A pilot randomized controlled trial.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2021Trial
- Substance use and epigenetic age acceleration: Associations with alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, and SUD severity.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Electronic cigarette use, related health outcomes and policy interventions in the USA: a call for research to fill evidence gaps.Tobacco control · 2026Review
- New versus continued e-cigarette use and cigarette reuptake among US adults who formerly smoked cigarettes.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Identifying Latent Classes of Dual Cigarette/ENDS Users Based on Motivations for ENDS Use: Product Substitution Versus Complementary Use.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Patterns of tobacco product use among US adults who use nicotine pouches and the association between nicotine pouch use and tobacco product use cessation.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Changes in combustible cigarette and electronic nicotine delivery system use among people with and without schizophrenia spectrum disorders in the USA (2016-2023).Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Reactivity to electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) cues in adults who smoke cigarettes and vape cannabis.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitude, practice and policy support of college students toward electronic cigarette use: a nationwide multicentric study in Iran.BMC public health · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionIf dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes is a transition state to tobacco and nicotine use cessation, it may be a tolerable temporary condition. But, if a long-term behavior, dual use may increase tobacco harm to the population as a whole, and efforts should aim to reduce it as much as possible. To develop effective tobacco control policy, the changes in dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes need to be better understood.
methodsNational probability samples of U.S. adults in 2015 (n = 6051), 2016 (n = 6014), 2017 (n = 5992), and 2018 (n = 5989) reported their smoking and e-cigarette use status, including frequency of use. Weighted multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine temporal trends and patterns of cigarette and e-cigarette use.
resultsBetween 2015 and 2018, the prevalence of current e-cigarette use (29.8% in 2015, 22.3% in 2016, 29.1% in 2017, and 27.7% in 2018) did not change significantly among current smokers. This result was consistent among light, moderate, and heavy smokers, and did not change when stratified by sex, age and race. However, the prevalence of cigarette smoking in current e-cigarette users declined from 56.9% in 2015 to 40.8% in 2018 (
conclusionThe continued high prevalence of dual use and increased prevalence of current e-cigarette use among never smokers highlight the need for better communication about the risks of prolonged dual use for e-cigarette users, and the risks of nicotine initiation and addiction for nonusers.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.