ArticleBehavior genetics2020
Interaction Between Odor Identification Deficit and APOE4 Predicts 6-Year Cognitive Decline in Elderly Individuals.
Article in Behavior genetics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Valid olfactory impairment tests can help identify mild cognitive impairment: an updated meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Olfaction and Executive Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- The APOLLO trial: a proof-of-concept study for vitamin A nasal drops in COVID-19-related postinfectious olfactory dysfunction.Chemical senses · 2026Trial
- Explainable Machine Learning Reveals Time-Dependent Cognitive Risk in Minor Neurocognitive Disorder: Implications for Health Promotion and Early Risk Stratification.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Higher glycated hemoglobin amplifies the effect of apolipoprotein E epsilon 4-related cognition and olfaction impairments in type 2 diabetes.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- The AROMHA brain health test is a remote olfactory assessment to screen for cognitive impairment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Aging-associated sensory decline and Alzheimer's disease.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2024Review
- The Association of Allergy-Related and Non-Allergy-Related Olfactory Impairment with Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Two Cross- Sectional Studies.Current Alzheimer research · 2024Article
- Olfactory deficits in aging and Alzheimer's-spotlight on inhibitory interneurons.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Association of Performance on Olfactory and Cognitive Screening Tests With Conversion to Dementia in a Biracial Cohort of Older Adults.Neurology · 2023Article
- Local Brain Network Alterations and Olfactory Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease: An fMRI and Graph-Based Study.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- A potential biomarker of cognitive impairment: The olfactory dysfunction and its genes expression.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Article
- International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2022Review
- Perceptual odor qualities predict successful odor identification in old age.Chemical senses · 2022Article
- The human olfactory system in two proteinopathies: Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.Translational neurodegeneration · 2020Review
- The Brief Form of the California Odor Learning Test 3.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
- The Human Brain Representation of Odor Identification in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Dementia of Mild Degree.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Article
- Lower odor identification in subjective cognitive decline: a meta-analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Olfactory identification impairment might indicate future cognitive decline in elderly individuals. An unresolved question is to what extent this effect is dependent on the ApoE-ε4, a genotype associated with risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Given the current concern about reproducibility in empirical research, we assessed this issue in a large sample (n = 1637) of older adults (60 - 96 years) from the population-based longitudinal Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). A hierarchical regression analysis was carried out to determine if a low score on an odor identification test, and the presence of ApoE-ε4, would predict the magnitude of a prospective 6-year change in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) after controlling for demographic, health-related, and cognitive variables. We found that overall, lower odor identification performance was predictive of cognitive decline, and, as hypothesized, we found that the effect was most pronounced among ApoE-ε4 carriers. Our results from this high-powered sample suggest that in elderly carriers of the ApoE-ε4 allele, odor identification impairment provides an indication of future cognitive decline, which has relevance for the prognosis of AD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.