ArticleCellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology2020
Mu and Delta Opioid Receptors Are Coexpressed and Functionally Interact in the Enteric Nervous System of the Mouse Colon.
Article in Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structure-guided allosteric modulation of the delta opioid receptor.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Opioid-Induced Constipation: Mechanistic Insights, Experimental Models, and Future Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Single-molecule methods for characterizing receptor dimers reveal metastable opioid receptor homodimers that induce functional modulation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Single-molecule characterization of opioid receptor heterodimers reveals soluble µ-δ dimer blocker peptide alleviates morphine tolerance.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Effects of Different Cow-Milk Beta-Caseins on the Gut-Brain Axis: A Narrative Review of Preclinical, Animal, and Human Studies.Nutrition reviews · 2025Review
- Effects of different opioids on the contractile tension of isolated rat intestinal smooth muscle.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Gut Analysis Toolbox - automating quantitative analysis of enteric neurons.Journal of cell science · 2024Article
- The role of morphine- and fentanyl-induced impairment of intestinal epithelial antibacterial activity in dysbiosis and its impact on the microbiota-gut-brain axis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024Article
- The P2YBMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Opioid trail: Tracking contributions to opioid use disorder from host genetics to the gut microbiome.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- S-nitroso-L-cysteine stereoselectively blunts the adverse effects of morphine on breathing and arterial blood gas chemistry while promoting analgesia.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Article
- Opioid Use, Gut Dysbiosis, Inflammation, and the Nervous System.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2022Review
- Chronic Morphine Induces IL-18 in Ileum Myenteric Plexus Neurons Through Mu-opioid Receptor Activation in Cholinergic and VIPergic Neurons.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2022Article
- Opioid-Induced Pronociceptive Signaling in the Gastrointestinal Tract Is Mediated by Delta-Opioid Receptor Signaling.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Functional independence of endogenous μ- and δ-opioid receptors co-expressed in cholinergic interneurons.eLife · 2021Article
- The Guts of the Opioid Crisis.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Article
- Optical clearing reveals TNBS-induced morphological changes of VGLUT2-positive nerve fibers in mouse colorectum.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2021Article
- An atlas of neural crest lineages along the posterior developing zebrafish at single-cell resolution.eLife · 2021Article
- New Insights on Expression and Function of Mu and Delta Opioid Receptors in Mouse Gastrointestinal Tract.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsFunctional interactions between the mu opioid receptor (MOR) and delta opioid receptor (DOR) represent a potential target for novel analgesics and may drive the effects of the clinically approved drug eluxadoline for the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Although the enteric nervous system (ENS) is a likely site of action, the coexpression and potential interaction between MOR and DOR in the ENS are largely undefined. In the present study, we have characterized the distribution of MOR in the mouse ENS and examined MOR-DOR interactions by using pharmacologic and cell biology techniques.
methodsMOR and DOR expression was defined by using MORmCherry and MORmCherry-DOR-eGFP knockin mice. MOR-DOR interactions were assessed by using DOR-eGFP internalization assays and by pharmacologic analysis of neurogenic contractions of the colon.
resultsAlthough MOR was expressed by approximately half of all myenteric neurons, MOR-positive submucosal neurons were rarely observed. There was extensive overlap between MOR and DOR in both excitatory and inhibitory pathways involved in the coordination of intestinal motility. MOR and DOR can functionally interact, as shown through heterologous desensitization of MOR-dependent responses by DOR agonists. Functional evidence suggests that MOR and DOR may not exist as heteromers in the ENS. Pharmacologic studies show no evidence of cooperativity between MOR and DOR. DOR internalizes independently of MOR in myenteric neurons, and MOR-evoked contractions are unaffected by the sequestration of DOR.
conclusionsCollectively, these findings demonstrate that although MOR and DOR are coexpressed in the ENS and functionally interact, they are unlikely to exist as heteromers under physiological conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.