ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2020
Observational and Reported Measures of Language and Pragmatics in Young People with Autism: A Comparison of Respondent Data and Gender Profiles.
Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Is There a Bias Towards Males in the Diagnosis of Autism? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Prosodic Focus Effects on Covert "Only" Reading of Scalar Quantifiers in Autistic and Non-autistic Children Under Tonal Language Background.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- A multi-method phenotypic study of sex differences in pragmatic language in autism.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Predicting pragmatic language abilities from brain structural MRI in preschool children with ASD by NBS-Predict.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Filled Pause Use in Autistic Adults and Their First-Degree Relatives: Gender Differences and Within-Family Associations.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2025Article
- Sex Differences and Parent-Teacher Discrepancies in Reports of Autism Traits: Evidence for Camouflaging in a School Setting.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Social Communication, Repetitive Behaviors and Interests, and Adaptive Behavior in Girls With Autism Spectrum Disorder Without Intellectual Disability.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Prosodic Differences in Women with theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Pragmatic performance, its relationship with symptom severity, and early clinical predictors of pragmatics in 5 ~ 6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Examination of Clinical and Assessment Type Differences Between Toddlers with ASD from Multiplex and Simplex Families.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Approaches towards pragmatic language assessment in Indian pre-schoolers: A survey among speech-language pathologists.F1000Research · 2024Article
- Sex/Gender Differences in the Language Profiles of Italian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
- Comparing Early Pragmatics in Typically Developing Children and Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Article
- Reliability, validity and developmental sensitivity of the Language Use Inventory (LUI) in the Chinese context.International journal of language & communication disorders · 2022Article
- In their own words: The impact of subtle language and communication difficulties as described by autistic girls and boys without intellectual disability.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2022Article
- A Subtle Profile With a Significant Impact: Language and Communication Difficulties for Autistic Females Without Intellectual Disability.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Language Screening in 3-Year-Olds: Development and Validation of a Feasible and Effective Instrument for Pediatric Primary Care.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Underrepresentation of Females and Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups in Research on Pragmatic Language in Autism: A Scoping Review.Neurodiversity (Thousand Oaks (Ventura County, Calif.))Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Female children with autism spectrum disorder (FwASD) and performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) over 70 were compared with male children with ASD (MwASD) and typically developing (TD) controls (age 8-11 years) using a range of language and pragmatic measures. Functional ability was assessed using clinical observations and parent, teacher and self-reports. Results were compared between measures, and with direct assessments of language and pragmatics, in order to identify potential biases. This study found that FwASD performed better than MwASD but worse than TD controls on clinical observations of pragmatic ability. FwASD also performed worst overall on a parental measure of emotions. Additionally, there were patterns of differences between clinician, parent, teacher and self- reports and direct assessments, which indicate the need for assessment data to be collected from multiple informants. Findings also have implications for the accurate identification of ASD in females and appropriate provision of support.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.