ArticleNature communications2019
Disentangling the role of Africa in the global spread of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulation of avian influenza viruses in migratory birds in Europe and in Africa: a systematic review.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Pooled it
- Evolving dynamics of H5Nx avian influenza in China revealed by long-term wild bird surveillance.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Disentangling the drivers and host-mediated global spread of H7 influenza A virus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Mapping global avian influenza risk patterns through waterbird activity entropy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Molecular characterization and phylogeography of equine influenza virus H3N8 detected in donkeys in Nigeria 2022-2023.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Avian influenza and One Health: bridging animal and human health through integrated surveillance and vaccination.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Evolution, spread and impact of highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza A viruses.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Wild birds drive the introduction, maintenance, and spread of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in Spain, 2021-2022.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Global dynamics of avian influenza: a twenty-year analysis of highly pathogenic viruses linking the Caspian Basin, Eurasia and Africa sectors (2005-2025).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Surveillance without silos: a One Health data imperative for avian influenza in West Africa.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Influenza A Virus H5N1 Subtype: Resurgent Interspecies and Intercontinental Transmission, and a New Host.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Genomic surveillance and evolution of co-circulating avian influenza H5N1 and H5N8 viruses in Egypt, 2022-2024.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Navigating Sampling Bias in Discrete Phylogeographic Analysis: Assessing the Performance of an Adjusted Bayes Factor.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Validation and multi-site deployment of a lyophilized qRT-PCR reagent for the molecular diagnosis of avian influenza and rabies in Sub-Saharan African regions.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Exploring the Use of Passive Samplers for the Surveillance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Wetlands: A Laboratory and Field Validation Study.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Quantifying Time-Dependent Predictors for the International Spatial Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5NX: Focus on Trade and Surveillance Efforts.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Swine influenza surveillance in Italy uncovers regional and farm-based genetic clustering.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- The global H5N1 influenza panzootic in mammals.Nature · 2025Review
- A single mutation in bovine influenza H5N1 hemagglutinin switches specificity to human receptors.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Surveillance for Avian Influenza in Wild Birds in the Lombardy Region (Italy) in the Period 2022-2024.Viruses · 2024Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 9 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The role of Africa in the dynamics of the global spread of a zoonotic and economically-important virus, such as the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5Nx of the Gs/GD lineage, remains unexplored. Here we characterise the spatiotemporal patterns of virus diffusion during three HPAI H5Nx intercontinental epidemic waves and demonstrate that Africa mainly acted as an ecological sink of the HPAI H5Nx viruses. A joint analysis of host dynamics and continuous spatial diffusion indicates that poultry trade as well as wild bird migrations have contributed to the virus spreading into Africa, with West Africa acting as a crucial hotspot for virus introduction and dissemination into the continent. We demonstrate varying paths of avian influenza incursions into Africa as well as virus spread within Africa over time, which reveal that virus expansion is a complex phenomenon, shaped by an intricate interplay between avian host ecology, virus characteristics and environmental variables.
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