ArticlePediatrics2019
Timing of Complementary Feeding Introduction and Adiposity Throughout Childhood.
Article in Pediatrics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Baby-Led Weaning: What Role Does It Play in Obesity Risk during the First Years? A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Complementary Feeding in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Beyond Deterministic Fetal Programming: Intrauterine Exposures and the Multifactorial Origins of Adiposity.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Exclusive Breastfeeding and Growth Trajectories Until 5 Years of Age Among Children Monitored in Primary Health Care in Brazil.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- The Association Between the Early Introduction of Solid Food and Childhood Obesity Risk: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Developmental Readiness for Complementary Feeding: Associations with Initiation Before Age 6 Months.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Complementary feeding and caregiver sleep: findings from a representative survey in Chongqing, China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Identifying elevated child weight from 3 to 24 months: Early transitions into nonparental care and to solid foods.Pediatric obesity · 2024Article
- The Accumulative Effect of Multiple Postnatal Risk Factors with the Risk of Being Overweight/Obese in Late Childhood.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Associations of infant feeding practices with abdominal and hepatic fat measures in childhood in the longitudinal Healthy Start Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- [Introduction of complementary feeding and associated factors in preterm and low birthweight newborns: a prospective cohort study].Cadernos de saude publica · 2024Article
- Parental Decision-Making Around Introducing Complementary Foods: An Integrative Review.Journal of family nursing · 2023Review
- Cardiovascular Risk in Pediatrics: A Dynamic Process during the First 1000 Days of Life.Pediatric reports · 2023Review
- Associations between Delayed Introduction of Complementary Foods and Childhood Health Consequences in Exclusively Breastfed Children.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Article
- Parental food selection questionnaire - Infant version.Appetite · 2023Article
- Developmental Contributions to Obesity: Nutritional Exposures in the First Thousand Days.Gastroenterology clinics of North America · 2023Review
- Are Complementary Feeding Practices Aligned with Current Recommendations? A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Dietary and Complementary Feeding Practices of US Infants, 6 to 12 Months: A Narrative Review of the Federal Nutrition Monitoring Data.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2022Review
- Early feeding practices and body mass index z-score among Saudi preschoolers: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo examine associations of the timing of complementary feeding (CF) introduction with adiposity throughout childhood.
methodsWe studied 1013 children from Project Viva. Our exposure was CF introduction, categorized as <4 months (19%), 4 to <6 months (68%; reference group), and ≥6 months of age (14%). Our outcomes included adiposity measures in midchildhood (mean: 7.9 years; SD 0.8;
resultsCF initiated at <4 months was associated with higher adiposity in midchildhood in breastfed children; associations persisted into adolescence for waist circumference, truncal fat mass, and the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds (eg, waist circumference: confounder-adjusted β 2.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47 to 5.47] cm). The effect estimates were larger in formula-fed children, with more associations persisting into adolescence (eg, waist circumference: adjusted β 3.42 [95% CI 0.12 to 6.71] cm). CF initiated at ≥6 months was associated with a higher subscapular/triceps skinfold ratio in midchildhood and adolescence (adjusted β 0.13 [95% CI 0.02 to 0.25]) in formula-fed children.
conclusionsWe found associations of early CF introduction with higher adiposity measurements in breastfed and formula-fed children and associations of late introduction of CF with higher adiposity in formula-fed children.
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