ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2019
Midbrain microglia mediate a specific immunosuppressive response under inflammatory conditions.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increased Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Members in Neuroinflammatory Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Midbrains.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
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- Region-Dependent Responses to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Melatonin in Neonatal Brain Organotypic Slices.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Rotenone targets midbrain astrocytes to produce glial dysfunction-mediated dopaminergic neurodegeneration.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Immunogenetics of Multiple Sclerosis in Romanian Patients: Preliminary Data.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Transcriptional changes across tissue and time provide molecular insights into a therapeutic window of opportunity following traumatic stress exposure.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
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- Ethanol-induced changes in neurotrophic and immune genes are regulated by receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase β/ζ (RPTPβ/ζ) and microglial-neuronal interactions.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Treadmill Exercise Enhances Post-Stroke Functional Recovery in Mice via the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Signaling Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- C9orf72 role in myeloid cells: new perspectives in the investigation of the neuro-immune crosstalk in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.Annals of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Neuroprotective Effects of Dexamethasone in a Neuromelanin-Driven Parkinson's Disease Model.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2024Article
- ICU patient-on-a-chip emulating orchestration of mast cells and cerebral organoids in neuroinflammation.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Chronic urinary tract infections cause persistent microglial changes in a humanized ɑ-synuclein mouse model.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived microglia for the study of brain disorders. A comprehensive review of existing protocols.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Nigrostriatal degeneration determines dynamics of glial inflammatory and phagocytic activity.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Disease and brain region specific immune response profiles in neurodegenerative diseases with pure and mixed protein pathologies.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2024Article
- Integration of iPSC-Derived Microglia into Brain Organoids for Neurological Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Assessment of corticospinal tract damage and cytokines response in early and late stages of acute unilateral brainstem infarction patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Inflammatory hallmarks in 6-OHDA- and LPS-induced Parkinson's disease in rats.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInflammation is a critical process for the progression of neuronal death in neurodegenerative disorders. Microglia play a central role in neuroinflammation and may affect neuron vulnerability. Next generation sequencing has shown the molecular heterogeneity of microglial cells; however, the variability in their response to pathological inputs remains unknown.
methodsTo determine the effect of an inflammatory stimulus on microglial cells, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered peripherally to mice and the inflammatory status of the cortex, hippocampus, midbrain, and striatum was assessed. Microglial activation and interaction with the immune system were analyzed in single cell suspensions obtained from the different brain regions by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, next generation RNA sequencing, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical techniques. Antigen-presenting properties of microglia were evaluated by the ability of isolated cells to induce a clonal expansion of CD4
resultsUnder steady-state conditions, the midbrain presented a high immune-alert state characterized by the presence of two unique microglial subpopulations, one expressing the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and acting as antigen-presenting cells and another expressing the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and by the presence of a higher proportion of infiltrating CD4
conclusionsThese data show that the midbrain presents a high immune-alert state under steady-state conditions that elicits a specific immune-suppressive response when exposed to an inflammatory stimulus. This specific inflammatory tone and response may have an impact in neuronal viability.
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