ReviewToxins2019
Biosecurity Threat Posed by Botulinum Toxin.
Review in Toxins, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nontoxic, multi-domain botulinum neurotoxin-LCHCVaccine · 2025Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxins as Two-Faced Janus Proteins.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Antibody-based alternatives to animal testing for toxin detection and antitoxin evaluation.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Review
- Tracing and characterization of foodborne botulism caused by the new MLST typeFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Reaching New Heights in Genetic Code Manipulation with High Throughput Screening.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2023Review
- Article
- Toxicology and pharmacology of botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins: an update.Archives of toxicology · 2022Review
- Recent Developments in Botulinum Neurotoxins Detection.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Discovery of Dipeptides as Potent Botulinum Neurotoxin A Light-Chain Inhibitors.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2021Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The deliberate release of biological agents with terrorist or criminal intent continues to pose concerns in the current geopolitical situation. Therefore, attention is still needed to ensure preparedness against the potential use of pathogens as unconventional weapons. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is one such biological threat, characterized by an extremely low lethal dose, high morbidity and mortality when appropriately disseminated, and the capacity to cause panic and social disruption. This paper addresses the risks of a potential release of the botulinum neurotoxin and summarizes the relevant aspects of the threat.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.