ArticleClinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association2020
Association Between Levels of Sex Hormones and Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Barrett's Esophagus.
Article in Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors for the Development of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies on risk of cancer.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Exploring the origins of esophagogastric junction cancer through omics: A focus on the Siewert II subclassification.Surgery today · 2026Review
- The global burden of oesophageal cancer from 1990 to 2023 and projections to 2040: a comprehensive analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Global patterns of upper gastrointestinal cancer incidence by subtype and subsite in 2022: a population-based study.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026Article
- The Burden of Esophageal Cancer and Its Correlation with Dietary, Metabolic, and Behavioral Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Effect Modification by Levels of Sex Hormones in the Association between Adiposity and Cancer Incidence in the UK Biobank.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of esophageal cancer: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Biomarker research · 2025Article
- Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: characteristics of female patients and young adult patients based on a 12-year retrospective and prospective multicenter clinicoepidemiological cohort study in Japan.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Causal effects of genetically determined metabolites and metabolite ratios on esophageal diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Review
- Genetic causal relationship between age at menarche and benign oesophageal neoplasia identified by a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Late age at first birth is a protective factor for oesophageal cancer and gastro-oesophageal reflux: the evidence from the genetic study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Today's Mistakes and Tomorrow's Wisdom in Development and Use of Biomarkers for Barrett's Esophagus.Visceral medicine · 2022Review
- Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in a population-based cohort study.British journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Global burden and epidemiology of Barrett oesophagus and oesophageal cancer.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2021Review
- Prediagnostic circulating levels of sex hormones and survival in esophageal adenocarcinoma.International journal of cancer · 2021Article
- Epidemiology of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Implications for Screening and Surveillance.Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 18 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsEsophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) occurs most frequently in men. We performed a Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate whether genetic factors that regulate levels of sex hormones are associated with risk of EAC or Barrett's esophagus (BE).
methodsWe conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis using data from patients with EAC (n = 2488) or BE (n = 3247) and control participants (n = 2127), included in international consortia of genome-wide association studies in Australia, Europe, and North America. Genetic risk scores or single-nucleotide variants were used as instrumental variables for 9 specific sex hormones. Logistic regression provided odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs.
resultsHigher genetically predicted levels of follicle-stimulating hormones were associated with increased risks of EAC and/or BE in men (OR, 1.14 per allele increase; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27) and in women (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.59). Higher predicted levels of luteinizing hormone were associated with a decreased risk of EAC in men (OR, 0.92 per SD increase; 95% CI, 0.87-0.99) and in women (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.79-1.09), and decreased risks of BE (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77-0.99) and EAC and/or BE (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79-1.00) in women. We found no clear associations for other hormones studied, including sex hormone-binding globulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, progesterone, or free androgen index.
conclusionsIn a Mendelian randomization analysis of data from patients with EAC or BE, we found an association between genetically predicted levels of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones and risk of BE and EAC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.