ArticlePloS one2019
The heavy metals lead and cadmium are cytotoxic to human bone osteoblasts via induction of redox stress.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Airborne contaminant exposure and bone development: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- Blood heavy metal levels and bone turnover markers in Korean elementary school children.Central European journal of public health · 2026Article
- Lead Is Toxic to Neuronal Cells by Inducing Oxidative Stress and Activating Neuroinflammatory Pathways.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Association between blood lead levels and body composition parameters in middle-aged pre- and postmenopausal women.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Cadmium, Iron Deficiency Anemia and Hypophosphatemic Osteomalacia Due to Intravenous Iron Supplementation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Sex differences in association of mixed exposure to blood cadmium, lead, mercury, selenium, manganese with osteoporosis.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2025Article
- Evaluation of ascorbic acid as an intervention of metal toxicity in dogs in Kabwe district.Veterinary and animal science · 2025Article
- Thermal power plant proximity alters Olive composition and induces cytotoxicity in human cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Induced by Technology-Critical ElementsEnvironmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Heavy metal(loid) bioaccumulation in fish and its implications for human health.Italian journal of food safety · 2024Article
- Nucleic acid aptamers protect against lead (Pb(II)) toxicity.New biotechnology · 2024Article
- β-Lactoglobulin Enhances Clay and Activated Carbon Binding and Protection Properties for Cadmium and Lead.Industrial & engineering chemistry research · 2024Article
- Enhancing bone regeneration: Unleashing the potential of magnetic nanoparticles in a microtissue model.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Efficient antimicrobial applications of two novel supramolecular metallogels derived from a l(+)-tartaric acid low molecular weight gelator.RSC advances · 2024Article
- Nucleic Acid Aptamers Protect Against Lead (Pb(II)) Toxicity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the Differential Postbiotic Potential of Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 Cultured in Several Growing Conditions.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Blood cadmium level as a risk factor for chronic pain: NHANES database 1999-2004.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Plasma heavy metal levels correlate with deregulated gene expression of detoxifying enzymes in osteoporotic patients.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Acai Berry (Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effect of Nano- and Microzinc Supplementation on the Mineral Composition of Bones of Rats with Induced Mammary Gland Cancer.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The heavy metals (HMs) lead and cadmium are persistent environmental pollutants capable of inducing ill-health in exposed individuals. One of the primary sites of accumulation and potential damage from HMs is bone, and we therefore examined the acute effects of lead and cadmium on human bone osteoblasts in vitro over a concentration range of 0.1 μM to 1mM, and for 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hour exposures. Incubation of osteoblasts with either lead or cadmium reduced cell viability in a concentrations and exposure durations dependent manner, as measured using MTT and LDH assays. Cytotoxicity was significant from 0.1 μM concentrations after 48 hour exposures. Both HMs damaged cellular bioenergetics with reductions of ATP production, mitochondrial complex activities, and aerobic respiration. There was a concomitant elevation of reactive oxygen species, with induction of redox stress measured as increased lipid peroxidation, and depleted cellular redox defense systems via reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and cellular glutathione levels. Both HMs induced nuclear activation of Nrf2, presumably to increase transcription of antioxidant responsive genes to combat oxidative stress. Incubation of osteoblasts with HMs also compromised the secretion of procollagen type 1, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase. Pre-incubation of osteoblasts with reduced glutathione prior to challenge with HMs lessened the cytotoxicity of the HMs, indicative that antioxidants may be a beneficial treatment adjunct in cases of acute lead or cadmium poisoning.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.