ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2019
Conservation and global distribution of non-canonical antigens in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging and Underdetected Colonization Factors in EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Complete genomes ofMicrobiology resource announcements · 2026Article
- Systemic and mucosal immunity to enterotoxigenicFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Prevalence of noncanonical virulence factors in the adherence and invasion by enterotoxigenicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- MecVax, an Epitope- and Structure-Based Broadly Protective Subunit Vaccine Against EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Recent progress in enterotoxigenicInfection and immunity · 2025Review
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vaccine Candidate MecVax With Protein Antigens Prepared From Animal-Free Media Is Equally Immunogenic and Protective Against Adhesins CFA/I, CS1-CS6 and Toxins LT and STa.Microbiology and immunology · 2025Article
- Parenteral vaccination with recombinant EtpA glycoprotein impairs enterotoxigenicInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Review
- Repeat modules and N-linked glycans define structure and antigenicity of a critical enterotoxigenic E. coli adhesin.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Repeat modules and N-linked glycans define structure and antigenicity of a critical enterotoxigenicbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- MecVax supplemented with CFA MEFA-II induces functional antibodies against 12 adhesins (CFA/I, CS1-CS7, CS12, CS14, CS17, and CS21) and 2 toxins (STa, LT) of enterotoxigenicMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Production of a new tetravalent vaccine targeting fimbriae and enterotoxin of enterotoxigenicCanadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire · 2024Article
- The role of the minor colonization factor CS14 in adherence to intestinal cell models by geographically diverse ETEC isolates.mSphere · 2023Article
- A Polyvalent Adhesin-Toxoid Multiepitope-Fusion-Antigen-Induced Functional Antibodies against Five EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Seroprevalence Study of Conserved EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- The Immunogenicity and Properties of a Whole-Cell ETEC Vaccine Inactivated with Psoralen and UVA Light in Comparison to Formalin.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Polyvalent Protein Adhesin MEFA-II Induces Functional Antibodies against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Adhesins CS7, CS12, CS14, CS17, and CS21 and Heat-Stable Toxin (STa).Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin drives enteropathic changes in small intestinal epithelia.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Role of mucus-bacteria interactions in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) H10407 virulence and interplay with human microbiome.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause significant diarrheal morbidity and mortality in children of resource-limited regions, warranting development of effective vaccine strategies. Genetic diversity of the ETEC pathovar has impeded development of broadly protective vaccines centered on the classical canonical antigens, the colonization factors and heat-labile toxin. Two non-canonical ETEC antigens, the EtpA adhesin, and the EatA mucinase are immunogenic in humans and protective in animal models. To foster rational vaccine design that complements existing strategies, we examined the distribution and molecular conservation of these antigens in a diverse population of ETEC isolates.
methodsGeographically diverse ETEC isolates (n = 1159) were interrogated by PCR, immunoblotting, and/or whole genome sequencing (n = 46) to examine antigen conservation. The most divergent proteins were purified and their core functions assessed in vitro.
resultsEatA and EtpA or their coding sequences were present in 57.0% and 51.5% of the ETEC isolates overall, respectively; and were globally dispersed without significant regional differences in antigen distribution. These antigens also exhibited >93% amino acid sequence identity with even the most divergent proteins retaining the core adhesin and mucinase activity assigned to the prototype molecules.
conclusionsEtpA and EatA are well-conserved molecules in the ETEC pathovar, suggesting that they serve important roles in virulence and that they could be exploited for rational vaccine design.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.