ArticleBioscience reports2019
Ivermectin induces autophagy-mediated cell death through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in glioma cells.
Article in Bioscience reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ivermectin, a potential anticancer drug derived from an antiparasitic drug.Pharmacological research · 2021Pooled it
- Unraveling the potential of sodium butyrate in combating nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Formyl Peptide Receptor-2-Suppressed Autophagy Promotes the Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells Through PI3K/Akt Signaling.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Intranasal Delivery of Ivermectin Nanosystems as an Antitumor Agent: Focusing on Glioma Suppression.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Doramectin Induces Apoptosis in B16 Melanoma Cells.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Antiproliferative and Morphological Analysis Triggered by Drugs Contained in the Medicines for Malaria Venture COVID-Box AgainstMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Polyvinylpyrrolidone capped silver nanoparticles enhance the autophagic clearance of Acinetobacter baumannii from human pulmonary cells.Discover nano · 2024Article
- Drug repurposing-based nanoplatform via modulating autophagy to enhance chemo-phototherapy against colorectal cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Review
- Autophagy Modulation and Its Implications on Glioblastoma Treatment.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Role and clinical implication of autophagy in COVID-19.Virology journal · 2023Review
- Cytotoxicity and Autophagy Induced by Ivermectin via AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A cellular and molecular biology-based update for ivermectin against COVID-19: is it effective or non-effective?Inflammopharmacology · 2023Review
- The Antineoplastic Effect of Carboplatin Is Potentiated by Combination with Pitavastatin or Metformin in a Chemoresistant High-Grade Serous Carcinoma Cell Line.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Pitavastatin and Ivermectin Enhance the Efficacy of Paclitaxel in Chemoresistant High-Grade Serous Carcinoma.Cancers · 2022Article
- Ivermectin synergizes sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting multiple oncogenic pathways.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2022Article
- Ivermectin-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in Human SH-SY5Y Cells Involves the Activation of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Pathway and Akt/mTOR-Pathway-Mediated Autophagy.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Doramectin inhibits glioblastoma cell survival via regulation of autophagyInternational journal of oncology · 2022Article
- Autophagy Modulators in Coronavirus Diseases: A Double Strike in Viral Burden and Inflammation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Programmed cell death, redox imbalance, and cancer therapeutics.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Retracted
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common types of primary brain tumors. Ivermectin (IVM), a broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug, has been identified as a novel anticancer agent due to its inhibitory effects on the proliferation of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the ability of IVM to induce autophagy and its role in glioma cell death remains unclear. The main objective of the present study was to explore autophagy induced by IVM in glioma U251 and C6 cells, and the deep underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition, we examined the effects of autophagy on apoptosis in glioma cells. In the present study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunofluorescence, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate autophagy activated by IVM. Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assay. The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Meanwhile, autophagy inhibition was achieved by using chloroquine (CQ). U251-derived xenografts were established for examination of IVM-induced autophagy on glioma in vivo. Taken together, the results of the present study showed that autophagy induced by IVM has a protective effect on cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, IVM induced autophagy through AKT/mTOR signaling and induced energy impairment. Our findings show that IVM is a promising anticancer agent and may be a potential effective treatment for glioma cancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.