Trial reportJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2020
Longer Term Effects of Diet and Exercise on Neurocognition: 1-Year Follow-up of the ENLIGHTEN Trial.
Trial report in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise- and dietary pattern-based lifestyle interventions and neurocognitive function in adults: a Bayesian multilevel network and dose-response meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of host and gut microbiota-altering interventions on sarcopenia or its defining parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of nutrition-based intervention studies.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Pooled it
- Does a combined intervention of diet and exercise lead to a more positive impact on neurocognitive function? A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of exercise on patients with vascular cognitive impairment based on ACSM recommendations: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Rationale for a Multi-Factorial Approach for the Reversal of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease and MCI: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Nutrition guidance within a multimodal intervention improves diet quality in prodromal Alzheimer's disease: Multimodal Preventive Trial for Alzheimer's Disease (MIND-ADAlzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Trial
- Metabolic and Neurocognitive Changes Following Lifestyle Modification: Examination of Biomarkers from the ENLIGHTEN Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2020Trial
- The effect of the Mediterranean diet combined with physical activity on cognitive function in older adults: a scoping review.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Article
- Review
- KetoFLEX 12/3 Diet and Cognitive Health: A Precision-Nutrition Perspective on Mechanisms, Emerging Evidence, and Future Directions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Physical activity and the aging brain: A narrative review.Journal of health psychology · 2026Review
- Development and Validation of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Early Cognitive Decline Using Home Sensor-Derived Behavioral Data: Sensors in-Home for Elder Wellbeing (SINEW) Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Multidomain therapy for Alzheimer's disease: a scoping review of cognitive decline trials.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Article
- The Hidden Dangers of Sedentary Living: Insights into Molecular, Cellular, and Systemic Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Effects of Physical Activity on Experimental Models of Vascular Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Annals of neurosciences · 2024Review
- Development of a Culturally Adapted Dietary Intervention to Reduce Alzheimer's Disease Risk among Older Black Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Clinical trials in vascular cognitive impairment following SPRINT-MIND: An international perspective.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Review
- A single 1,500 m freestyle at maximal speed decreases cognitive function in athletes.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Aerobic exercise improves episodic memory in late adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Communications medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the longer term changes in executive functioning among participants with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and cognitive impairments with no dementia (CIND) randomized to a diet and exercise intervention.
designA 2 (Exercise) × 2 (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH] eating plan) factorial randomized clinical trial.
settingAcademic tertiary care medical center.
participantsVolunteer sample of 160 older sedentary adults with CIND and at least one additional CVD risk factor enrolled in the ENLIGHTEN trial between December 2011 and March 2016.
interventionsSix months of aerobic exercise (AE), DASH diet counseling, combined AE + DASH, or health education (HE) controls. MEASUREMENTS: Neurocognitive battery recommended by the Neuropsychological Working Group for Vascular Cognitive Disorders including measures of executive function, memory, and language/verbal fluency. Secondary outcomes included the Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), Six-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD), and CVD risk including blood pressure, body weight, and CVD medication burden.
resultsDespite discontinuation of lifestyle changes, participants in the exercise groups retained better executive function 1 year post-intervention (P = .041) compared with non-exercise groups, with a similar, albeit weaker, pattern in the DASH groups (P = .054), without variation over time (P's > .867). Participants in the exercise groups also achieved greater sustained improvements in 6MWD compared with non-Exercise participants (P < .001). Participants in the DASH groups exhibited lower CVD risk relative to non-DASH participants (P = .032); no differences in CVD risk were observed for participants in the Exercise groups compared with non-Exercise groups (P = .711). In post hoc analyses, the AE + DASH group had better performance on executive functioning (P < .001) and CDR-SB (P = .011) compared with HE controls.
conclusionFor participants with CIND and CVD risk factors, exercise for 6 months promoted better executive functioning compared with non-exercisers through 1-year post-intervention, although its clinical significance is uncertain. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:559-568, 2020.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.