ArticleImmunologic research2019
Personalized inherent randomness of the immune system is manifested by an individualized response to immune triggers and immunomodulatory therapies: a novel platform for designing personalized immunotherapies.
Article in Immunologic research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the mechanism of polymorphonuclear neutrophils against sepsis based on immune model.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- A novel therapeutic regimen based on the constrained-disorder principles may improve the response to dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis: Findings from an exploratory feasibility open-label clinical trial.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- A feasibility open-label clinical trial utilizing second-generation artificial intelligence based on the constrained-disorder principle in patients with Parkinson's disease.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Biological Systems Depend on Communication Over Distances: A Review of the Fundamental Mechanisms, Associated challenges, and the Potential Effect of the Constrained Disorder Principle.Acta biotheoretica · 2026Review
- The constrained disorder principle accounts for quantum effects in biological systems.Journal of medicine and life · 2026Review
- Variability in Exercise is Linked to Improved Age-related Dysfunctions, Suggesting a Potential Role for the Constrained-Disorder Principle-based Second-Generation Artificial Intelligence System.Current aging science · 2026Article
- The Constrained Disorder Principle: A Paradigm Shift for Accurate Interactome Mapping and Information Analysis in Complex Biological Systems.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The constrained disorder principle emphasizes the importance of variability boundaries for systems to function effectively.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
- Review
- A constrained disorder principle-based second-generation artificial intelligence digital medical cannabis system: A real-world data analysis.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Inter-organ correlations in inflammation regulation: a novel biological paradigm in a murine model.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
- The Constrained Disorder Principle Overcomes the Challenges of Methods for Assessing Uncertainty in Biological Systems.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Free Will as Defined by the Constrained Disorder Principle: a Restricted, Mandatory, Personalized, Regulated Process for Decision-Making.Integrative psychological & behavioral science · 2024Review
- The Co-Piloting Model for Using Artificial Intelligence Systems in Medicine: Implementing the Constrained-Disorder-Principle-Based Second-Generation System.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Using the Constrained Disorder Principle to Navigate Uncertainties in Biology and Medicine: Refining Fuzzy Algorithms.Biology · 2024Review
- A Feasibility Open-Labeled Clinical Trial Using a Second-Generation Artificial-Intelligence-Based Therapeutic Regimen in Patients with Gaucher Disease Treated with Enzyme Replacement Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Recent Insights into Glucose-Responsive Concanavalin A-Based Smart Hydrogels for Controlled Insulin Delivery.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Constrained Disorder Principle May Account for Consciousness.Brain sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The considerable variability of responses amongst subjects to disease triggers and immunotherapies is a major obstacle to designing better immune-based therapies. Therefore, development of patient-tailored precision medicine that improves the efficacy of immunomodulatory drugs is necessary. The individualized response to disease triggers and immunomodulatory therapies was studied using the concanavalin A (ConA) immune-mediated hepatitis model and the oral administration of anti CD3 or β-glucosylceramide (GC). Mice were treated with anti-CD3 antibodies or GC followed by an injection of ConA. The effects of these treatments on liver damage and the immune profile were then analyzed. An individualized response to ConA and orally administered immunomodulatory agents was observed in eight consecutive experiments. While alleviation of the immune-mediated liver injury, as measured by serum levels of liver enzymes, was seen, and high intra-group and inter-experimental variabilities were detected. A similar individualized response was observed for the effect on serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 and on CD4+CD25+, CD8+CD25+, and CD3+NK1.1+ lymphocytes. A personalized form of inherent randomness in an isolated system was documented, which may underlie the variability in responses to immune triggers and immunomodulatory therapies. The data support the use of personalized randomness-based platforms for improving the response to chronic therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.