Article3D printing in medicine2019
3D printed PLA Army-Navy retractors when used as linear retractors yield clinically acceptable tolerances.
Article in 3D printing in medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Systematic review of 3D-printed surgical devices for austere environments: an evaluation guideline.Frontiers in medical technology · 2026Review
- The Utilization of Three-Dimensional Printing in Creating a Surgical Instrument: An Areola Cookie Cutter.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2022Article
- The Effect of Disinfectants Absorption and Medical Decontamination on the Mechanical Performance of 3D-Printed ABS Parts.Polymers · 2021Article
- Three-Dimensional printed instruments used in a Septoplasty: A new paradigm in Surgery.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2021Article
- PolliRS: A 3D-printed Pollicization Retractor System that Improves Access and Autonomy during the Surgical Procedure.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2021Article
- Comparing cost and print time estimates for six commercially-available 3D printers obtained through slicing software for clinically relevant anatomical models.3D printing in medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Three-Dimensional Printed Antimicrobial Objects of Polylactic Acid (PLA)-Silver Nanoparticle Nanocomposite Filaments Produced by an In-Situ Reduction Reactive Melt Mixing Process.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Three-Dimensional Printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) Surgical Retractors with Sonochemically Immobilized Silver Nanoparticles: The Next Generation of Low-Cost Antimicrobial Surgery Equipment.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Identifying a commercially-available 3D printing process that minimizes model distortion after annealing and autoclaving and the effect of steam sterilization on mechanical strength.3D printing in medicine · 2020Article
- A review of open source ventilators for COVID-19 and future pandemics.F1000Research · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundModern low-cost 3D printing technologies offer the promise of access to surgical tools in resource scarce areas, however optimal designs for manufacturing have not yet been established. We explore how the optimization of 3D printing parameters when manufacturing polylactic acid filament based Army-Navy retractors vastly increases the strength of retractors, and investigate sources of variability in retractor strength, material cost, printing time, and parameter limitations.
methodsStandard retractors were printed from various polylactic acid filament spools intra-manufacturer and inter-manufacturer to measure variability in retractor strength. Printing parameters were systematically varied to determine optimum printing parameters. These parameters include retractor width, thickness, infill percentage, infill geometry, perimeter number, and a reinforced joint design. Estimated retractor mass from computer models allows us to estimate material cost.
resultsWe found statistically significant differences in retractor strength between spools of the same manufacturer and between manufacturers. We determined the true strength optimized retractor to have 30% infill, 3 perimeters, 0.25 in. thickness, 0.75 in. width, and has "Triangle" infill geometry and reinforced joints, failing at more than 15X the threshold for clinically excessive retraction and costs $1.25 USD.
conclusionsThe optimization of 3D printed Army-Navy retractors greatly improve the efficacy of this instrument and expedite the adoption of 3D printing technology in many diverse fields in medicine not necessarily limited to resource poor settings.
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