ReviewDiabetologia2020
Sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility.
Review in Diabetologia, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 564 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
564 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 853 citations in OpenAlex.
- Population attributable fractions of a wide range of peripheral diseases for the burden of dementia.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- Research progress on risk prediction models for the diabetic foot.Acta diabetologica · 2025Pooled it
- Pea protein preload improves postprandial glucose response in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, controlled pilot study.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Acute interleukin-1β antagonism decreases systemic inflammation, increases GLP-1 release, and modulates insulin secretion in individuals with prediabetes.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Trial
- Cruciferous vegetables improve glycaemic control compared to root/squash vegetables in a randomized, controlled, crossover trial: The VEgetableS for vaScular hEaLth (VESSEL) study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Trial
- Associations between decreases in adiposity and reductions in HbA1c and insulin use in the Look AHEAD cohort.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Trial
- Sex differences in the gut microbiome and related metabolites: role in cardiometabolic disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Nutrient and non-nutrient regulators of insulin secretion.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Insulin receptor signaling in gustatory cells suppresses sugar taste sensitivity and feeding iniScience · 2026Article
- Chronic exposure to artificial light at night dampens rhythms in locomotor activity, metabolism, and sleep in female mice.Physiology & behavior · 2026Article
- pFIB scores for paediatric MASLD fibrosis are associated with risk of youth-onset type 2 diabetes in children with obesity.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Liver androgen receptor knockout protects female mice from high fat diet-induced insulin resistance.npj metabolic health and disease · 2026Article
- Serum zinc, copper status and Cu/Zn ratio in overweight and obesity: associations with oxidative stress, adipokines, and cardiometabolic traits in adult women.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026Article
- The impact of physical activity and exercise timing on metabolic health among individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Body roundness index shows a short-term, sex-specific advantage over body mass index in predicting incident diabetes: a longitudinal prospective cohort study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Enzymatic Stability and Comparative Effects of Kisspeptin-14, Kisspeptin-13 and Kisspeptin-10 on Beta-Cell Function, Glucose Homeostasis and Appetite Regulation.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Review
- Vasoactive-inotropic score and major cardiovascular events in patients undergoing esophagectomy: a retrospective analysis of intravenous lidocaine and thoracic epidural anesthesia.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Sex-specific differences in the relationship between prolactin and glucose metabolism in first-episode schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Female-specific alterations in insulin dynamics are associated with glucose tolerance in a Glut1DS mouse model.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Article
504 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gender and biological sex impact the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including metabolic disorders such as diabetes. In most parts of the world, diabetes is more prevalent in men than in women, especially in middle-aged populations. In line with this, considering almost all animal models, males are more likely to develop obesity, insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia than females in response to nutritional challenges. As summarised in this review, it is now obvious that many aspects of energy balance and glucose metabolism are regulated differently in males and females and influence their predisposition to type 2 diabetes. During their reproductive life, women exhibit specificities in energy partitioning as compared with men, with carbohydrate and lipid utilisation as fuel sources that favour energy storage in subcutaneous adipose tissues and preserve them from visceral and ectopic fat accumulation. Insulin sensitivity is higher in women, who are also characterised by higher capacities for insulin secretion and incretin responses than men; although, these sex advantages all disappear when glucose tolerance deteriorates towards diabetes. Clinical and experimental observations evidence the protective actions of endogenous oestrogens, mainly through oestrogen receptor α activation in various tissues, including the brain, the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and pancreatic beta cells. However, beside sex steroids, underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated, especially the role of sex chromosomes, fetal/neonatal programming and epigenetic modifications. On the path to precision medicine, further deciphering sex-specific traits in energy balance and glucose homeostasis is indeed a priority topic to optimise individual approaches in type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.