ArticleScientific reports2019
The impact of multiple climatic and geographic factors on the chemical defences of Asian toads (Bufo gargarizans Cantor).
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in the chemical defenses of an invasive toad indicate drivers and limitations of adaptation.iScience · 2026Article
- Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome data of Asiatic Toad,Data in brief · 2025Article
- Curcuminoid Contents in Rhizomes of Some Zingiberaceous Plants Sold via Online Platforms: Influence of Species and Cultivation Location.International journal of food science · 2024Article
- Identification of Protein Quality Markers in Toad Venom fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A review of chemical defense in harlequin toads (Bufonidae:Toxicon: X · 2022Review
- Article
- Variation in size and shape of toxin glands among cane toads from native-range and invasive populations.Scientific reports · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chemical defences are widespread in nature, yet we know little about whether and how climatic and geographic factors affect their evolution. In this study, we investigated the natural variation in the concentration and composition of the main bufogenin toxin in adult Asian toads (Bufo gargarizans Cantor) captured in twenty-two regions. Moreover, we explored the relative importance of eight climatic factors (average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average relative humidity, 20-20 time precipitation, maximum continuous precipitation, maximum ground temperature, and minimum ground temperature) in regulating toxin production. We found that compared to toads captured from central and southwestern China, toads from eastern China secreted higher concentrations of cinobufagin (CBG) and resibufogenin (RBG) but lower concentrations of telocinobufagin (TBG) and cinobufotalin (CFL). All 8 climatic variables had significant effects on bufogenin production (r
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