ArticleEBioMedicine2019
Pro-inflammatory monocyte profile in patients with major depressive disorder and suicide behaviour and how ketamine induces anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages by NMDAR and mTOR.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 88 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral blood cellular immunophenotype in suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Potential Inflammatory Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder Related to Suicidal Behaviors: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Peripheral blood cellular immunophenotype in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- The effects of ketamine and classic hallucinogens on neurotrophic and inflammatory markers in unipolar treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review of clinical trials.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- The role of glutamate receptors in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Antidepressant Effect of Ketamine on Inflammation-Mediated Cytokine Dysregulation in Adults with Treatment-Resistant Depression: Rapid Systematic Review.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Pooled it
- Correlations between major depressive disorder, splenic morphology, and immune function.BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Ketamine vs midazolam: Mood improvement reduces suicidal ideation in depression.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Trial
- Immune-related biomarkers for major depressive disorder identified via integrated bioinformatics and machine learning.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Review
- Both donor and recipient sex determine behavioral and neuroimmune outcomes in a gut microbiota transfer experiment from the unpredictable chronic mild stress model of depression.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors: structure, signaling and roles in atherosclerosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Sedation as an Immunomodulator of Inflammatory Responses in the Lung-Brain Axis of ARDS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Monocyte epigenetic age acceleration is linked to non-somatic depressive symptoms in women with and without HIV.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Ketamine reduces microglial activation and brain monocyte infiltration and promotes peripheral regulatory immune cells, relieving lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior in mice.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Review
- Non-randomized rapamycin augmentation of chronic self-administered ketamine provides subjective improvement in diverse phenotypes.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Exploring the protective role of DDIT4/mTOR in podocyte integrity through macrophage polarization in diabetic kidney disease.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Cang-Ai Volatile Oil Mitigates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviour in Mice by Modulating the Microglial BDNF/CREB Signaling Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines level in depressed patients with suicidal behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of general psychiatry · 2025Article
- Platelet Releasate Reprograms Synovial Macrophages In Vitro: A New Approach in the Treatment of Hemophilic Synovitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDepression is a highly prevalent disorder that is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Despite an unknown aetiology, evidence suggests that the innate and adaptive immune systems play a significant role in the development and maintenance of major depressive disorder (MDD). The non-competitive glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine), has demonstrated rapid and robust efficacy as an antidepressant when administered at sub-anaesthetic doses.
methodsOur goal was to characterize the pro-inflammatory profile of patients with MDD by measuring pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma and circulating monocyte subsets and to understand how ketamine induces an anti-inflammatory program in monocyte and macrophages in vitro and vivo. FINDING: Our results show that patients with MDD without other comorbidities (N = 33) exhibited significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory IL-12 and IL-6 in plasma and that these cytokines were associated with increased numbers of non-classical (CD11b
interpretationOur results suggest an anti-inflammatory property of ketamine that can skew macrophages to an M2-like phenotype, highlighting potential therapeutic implications not only for patients with MDD but also other inflammatory-based diseases.
fundingThis study was supported by grants from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT-FONCYT).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.