ArticleMaterials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications2020
Protein-loaded soluble and nanoparticulate formulations of ionic polyphosphazenes and their interactions on molecular and cellular levels.
Article in Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polyphosphazene-Based Nanotherapeutics.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Protein-polyelectrolyte complexation: effects of sterically repulsive groups, macromolecular architecture and hierarchical assembly.Soft matter · 2025Article
- A Biodegradable "One-For-All" Nanoparticle for Multimodality Imaging and Enhanced Photothermal Treatment of Breast Cancer.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Article
- Fluorine-Functionalized Polyphosphazene Immunoadjuvant: Synthesis, Solution Behavior and In Vivo Potency.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Biomaterial nanocarrier-driven mechanisms to modulate anti-tumor immunity.Current opinion in biomedical engineering · 2021Article
- Improvement of RG1-VLP vaccine performance in BALB/c mice by substitution of alhydrogel with the next generation polyphosphazene adjuvant PCEP.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation as a multifunctional technique for the characterization of polymeric nanocarriers.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Review
- Next generation polyphosphazene immunoadjuvant: Synthesis, self-assembly and in vivo potency with human papillomavirus VLPs-based vaccine.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2021Article
- Intracellular Delivery of Active Proteins by Polyphosphazene Polymers.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Polyphosphazene immunoadjuvants: Historical perspective and recent advances.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nanoparticulate and water-soluble formulations of ionic polyphosphazenes and protein cargo - lysozyme (LYZ) were prepared by their self-assembly in aqueous solutions at near physiological pH (pH 7.4) in the presence and absence of an ionic cross-linker - spermine tetrahydrochloride. Efficiency of LYZ encapsulation, physico-chemical characteristics of formulations, and the effect of reaction parameters were investigated using asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. The effect of both polymer formulations on encapsulated LYZ was evaluated using soluble oligosaccharide substrate, whereas their ability to present the protein to cellular surfaces was assessed by measuring enzymatic activity of encapsulated LYZ against Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells. It was found that both soluble and cross-linked polymer matrices reduce lysis of bacterial cells by LYZ, whereas activity of encapsulated protein against oligosaccharide substrate remained practically unchanged indicating no adverse effect of polyphosphazene on protein integrity. Moreover, nanoparticulate formulations display distinctly different behavior in cellular assays when compared to their soluble counterparts. LYZ encapsulated in polyphosphazene nanoparticles shows approximately 2.5-fold higher activity in its ability to lyse cells as compared with water-soluble LYZ-PCPP formulations. A new approach to PEGylation of polyphosphazene nanoparticles was also developed. The method utilizes a new ionic polyphosphazene derivative, which contains graft (polyethylene glycol) chains. PEGylation allows for an improved control over the size of nanoparticles and broader modulation of their cross-linking density, while still permitting for protein presentation to cellular substrates.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.