ArticleBMC public health2019
Determinants of breast cancer in Saudi women from Makkah region: a case-control study (breast cancer risk factors among Saudi women).
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overweight and obesity increase breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of 38 observational studies.GeroScience · 2026Pooled it
- Early menarche and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 74 case-control studies.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lifestyle and Reproductive Factors Associated with Risk of Breast Cancer in Asian Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Family history and breast cancer risk for Asian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Global epidemiology of breast cancer based on risk factors: a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- The relationship between tobacco and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Optimizing outcomes with less than more: multi-institutional experience of fast-forward fractionation and the impact of dosimetric parameters on toxicity in breast cancer patients.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Scoping Review.International journal of breast cancer · 2026Review
- Lifestyle Factors and Family History of Diabetes as Significant Risks for Breast Cancer: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study in Tamil Nadu, India.Indian journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Risk Factors Associated with Breast Cancer among Women in Iraq: A Case-Control Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Tracking the epidemiological trends of female breast cancer in Saudi Arabia since 1990 and forecasting future statistics using global burden of disease data, time-series analysis.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The relationship between demographic factors and known risk factors with breast cancer in women aged 30-69.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- The epidemiological and clinicopathological features of breast cancer in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Saudi medical journal · 2024Article
- Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer risk.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- Article
- Qualitative insights into the need for a contraception protocol from obstetricians' and gynecologists' perspectives.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Analyzing Cardiovascular Characteristics of Patients Initially Diagnosed with Breast Cancer in Saudi Arabia.Cureus · 2023Article
- A Hybrid Algorithm of ML and XAI to Prevent Breast Cancer: A Strategy to Support Decision Making.Cancers · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere are various factors that play a major role in influencing the overall health conditions of women diagnosed with breast cancer. The population of women in Makkah region are diverse, therefore it is significant to highlight the possible determinants of breast cancer in this population. This is a case-control study that assessed determinants of breast cancer including socioeconomic factors, health-related characteristics, menstrual histories and breastfeeding among postmenopausal women in Makkah region in Saudi Arabia.
methodsA total of 432 female participants (214 cases and 218 controls) were recruited for this study. A validated questionnaire was completed by trained dietitians at King Abdullah Medical City Hospital in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia.
resultsResults displayed that determinants of breast cancer were associated significantly (P < 0.05) with unemployment, large family size, lack of knowledge and awareness about breast cancer, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, starting menarche at an early age, as well as hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive use. There was no effect of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and duration of breastfeeding on the incidence of breast cancer.
conclusionIn summary, the results of this study accentuate the possible effect of socioeconomic factors, health-related characteristics and menstrual history on the incidence of breast cancer in postmenopausal women in the Makkah region. Education programs should be applied to increase breast cancer awareness and possibly decrease its incidence.
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