ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2019
Does depressed persons with non-cardiovascular morbidity have a higher risk of CVD? A population-based cohort study in Sweden.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between depressive symptoms and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a Swedish population-based cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Predicting depression severity using machine learning models: Insights from mitochondrial peptides and clinical factors.PloS one · 2025Article
- Psychiatric disorders and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease: a longitudinal matched cohort study across three countries.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Anxiety and depression symptoms, albuminuria and risk of acute myocardial infarction in the Norwegian HUNT cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDepression often co-exists with non-cardiovascular morbid conditions. Whether this comorbidity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease has so far not been studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if non-cardiovascular morbidity modifies the effect of depression on future risk of CVD.
methodsData was derived from the PART study (acronym in Swedish for: Psykisk hälsa, Arbete och RelaTioner: Mental Health, Work and Relationships), a longitudinal cohort study on mental health, work and relations, including 10,443 adults (aged 20-64 years). Depression was assessed using the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) and self-reported data on non-cardiovascular morbidity was assessed in 1998-2000. Outcomes of CVD were assessed using the National Patient Register during 2001-2014.
resultsBoth depression (HR 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1, 2.0)) and non-cardiovascular morbidity (HR 2.0 (95% CI, 1.8, 2.6)) were associated with an increased future risk of CVD. The combined effect of depression and non-cardiovascular comorbidity on future CVD was HR 2.1 (95%, CI 1.3, 3.4) after adjusting for age, gender and socioeconomic position. Rather similar associations were seen after further adjustment for hypertension, diabetes and unhealthy lifestyle factors.
conclusionPersons affected by depression in combination with non-cardiovascular morbidity had a higher risk of CVD compared to those without non-cardiovascular morbidity or depression alone.
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