ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2019
ENPP1, an Old Enzyme with New Functions, and Small Molecule Inhibitors-A STING in the Tale of ENPP1.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nucleotide Metabolism in Health and Disease.MedComm · 2026Review
- A direct, real-time, spectrophotometric assay for measuring ENPP1-catalyzed cGAMP hydrolysis.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Extracellular cGAMP in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Enzyme-regulated biomineralization: Biological functions and advanced biomaterials for tissue regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Degradation of the Molecular Basis of Life During the Aging Process.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- ENPP1 inhibition as a therapeutic approach for later-onset hypophosphatasia.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2026Article
- Hypophosphatasia-pathophysiological understanding, preclinical data looking beyond the skeleton, and upcoming treatments.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2026Review
- Precision targeting of STING: Challenges, innovations, and clinical outlook for cancer therapy.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- PV-10 enhances immune responses in hepatitis B vaccination through STING pathway.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Observational
- Molecular mechanisms of bamboo-derived miRNA-mediated gene regulation and dietary adaptation in giant pandas.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- JUN-ENPP1-cGAS-STING axis mediates immune evasion and tumor progression in bladder cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- STINGing Cancer: Development, Clinical Application, and Targeted Delivery of STING Agonists.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Targeting the cGAS-STING Pathway to Modulate Immune Inflammation in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Borrelia burgdorferi c-di-AMP is a key extracellular pathogen-associated molecular pattern to elicit type I interferon responses in mammalian hosts.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Review
- Association Analysis of ENPP1 Tissue Expression, Polymorphism, and Growth Traits in Xiangsu Pigs.Genes · 2025Article
- ENPP1 induces blood-brain barrier dysfunction and promotes brain metastasis formation in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Free amino acids accelerate the time-dependent inactivation of rat liver nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase Enpp3 elicited by EDTA.Amino acids · 2024Article
- Role of ENPP1 in cancer pathogenesis: Mechanisms and clinical implications (Review).Oncology letters · 2024Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I (ENPP1) was identified several decades ago as a type II transmembrane glycoprotein with nucleotide pyrophosphatase and phosphodiesterase enzymatic activities, critical for purinergic signaling. Recently, ENPP1 has emerged as a critical phosphodiesterase that degrades the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) ligand, cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). cGAMP or analogs thereof have emerged as potent immunostimulatory agents, which have potential applications in immunotherapy. This emerging role of ENPP1 has placed this "old" enzyme at the frontier of immunotherapy. This review highlights the roles played by ENPP1, the mechanism of cGAMP hydrolysis by ENPP1, and small molecule inhibitors of ENPP1 with potential applications in diverse disease states, including cancer.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.