Observational studyInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
Symptoms of Discomfort and Problems Associated with Mode of Delivery During the Puerperium: An Observational Study.
Observational study in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Worldwide prevalence of haemorrhoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Suture type used for perineal injury repair and sexual function: a randomised controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Association between modes of delivery and postpartum dietary patterns: A cross-sectional study in Northwest China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite abundant literature on antenatal and delivery care received by pregnant women, there is a wide knowledge gap on the prevalence of symptoms of discomfort or problems during the postpartum period and their relationship with the mode of delivery. This cross-sectional study, carried out with 3324 participants in Spain in 2017, aimed to investigate the association between the mode of delivery and self-reported postpartum symptoms of discomfort and maternal problems during the puerperium. An ad hoc online questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and obstetric variables, symptoms of discomfort, and maternal problems during the puerperium. The crude odds ratios (OR) and adjusted OR (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using binary logistic regression. In total, 3324 women participated. Compared to a normal vaginal delivery, having a cesarean section was associated with increased odds of an infected surgical wound (aOR: 11.62, 95%CI: 6.77-19.95), feeling sad (aOR: 1.31, 23 95%CI: 1.03-1.68), and symptoms of post-traumatic stress (aOR: 4.64, 95%CI: 2.94-7.32). Instrumental delivery vs. normal vaginal delivery was a risk factor for constipation (aOR: 1.35 95%CI: 25 1.10-1.66), hemorrhoids (aOR: 1.28, 95%CI: 1.04-1.57), urinary incontinence (aOR: 1.30, 95%CI: 26 1.05-1.61), and fecal incontinence (aOR: 1.94, 95%CI: 1.29-2.92) during the puerperium. Women who gave delivery via cesarean section or instrumental delivery had higher incidences of infection and psychological alterations than those who had a normal vaginal delivery. Identifying women at risk of giving birth by cesarean section and informing them about subsequent symptoms of discomfort and maternal problems during the puerperium must be included in pregnancy health program policies and protocols to allow women to make informed decisions regarding their birthing plan.
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Registered trials
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