ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
RETRACTED: Encapsulation of Lovastatin in Zein Nanoparticles Exhibits Enhanced Apoptotic Activity in HepG2 Cells.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Exploring the Potential of Zein Nanoparticles in Personalised Cancer Therapy, Highlighting Their Various Methodologies, Applications and Challenges.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Review
- RETRACTED: Alhakamy et al. Encapsulation of Lovastatin in Zein Nanoparticles Exhibits Enhanced Apoptotic Activity in HepG2 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- RETRACTED: Al-Wahaibi et al. Optimized Conjugation of Fluvastatin to HIV-1 TAT Displays Enhanced Pro-Apoptotic Activity in HepG2 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Preparation and Characterization of Zein-Metformin/Gelatin Nanofibers by Coaxial Electrospinning.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment: The Promising Horizon of Zein Nanosystems.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2024Review
- Advances and Prospects of Prolamine Corn Protein Zein as Promising Multifunctional Drug Delivery System for Cancer Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Review
- Hybrid nanoparticulate system of Fluvastatin loaded phospholipid, alpha lipoic acid and melittin for the management of colon cancer.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Intensification of resveratrol cytotoxicity, pro-apoptosis, oxidant potentials in human colorectal carcinoma HCT-116 cells using zein nanoparticles.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of 2-Methoxyestradiol Exhibits Enhanced Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Activities in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
- Oromucosal Alginate Films with Zein Nanoparticles as a Novel Delivery System for Digoxin.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Review
- Piceatannol-Loaded Bilosome-Stabilized Zein Protein Exhibits Enhanced Cytostatic and Apoptotic Activities in Lung Cancer Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Repurposing of Sitagliptin- Melittin Optimized Nanoformula against SARS-CoV-2: Antiviral Screening and Molecular Docking Studies.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Artemether-Loaded Zein Nanoparticles: An Innovative Intravenous Dosage Form for the Management of Severe Malaria.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Amelioration of Pterostilbene Antiproliferative, Proapoptotic, and Oxidant Potentials in Human Breast Cancer MCF7 Cells Using Zein Nanocomposites.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Article
- The Enhanced Cytotoxic and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Optimized Simvastatin-Loaded Emulsomes on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
- Formulation and Optimization of Avanafil Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles: A Single-Dose Clinical Pharmacokinetic Evaluation.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-05-30Concerns/Issues about Image · Duplication of/in Image · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Investigation by Third Party · Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions · · See also: https://pubpeer.com/publications/68567C8614C69D1530C99530F06745
- Retracted
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Research on statins highlights their potent cytotoxicity against cancer cells and their potential for cancer prevention. The aim of the current study was to examine whether loading lovastatin (LVS) in zein (ZN) nanoparticles (NPs) would potentiate the anti-proliferative effects of LVS and enhance its proliferation-inhibiting activity in HepG2 cells. LVS-ZN NPs were prepared and showed excellent characteristics, with respect to their particle size, zeta potential, diffusion, and entrapment efficiency. In addition, they showed the most potent anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cells. ZN alone showed an observable anti-proliferative that was significantly higher than that of raw LVS. Furthermore, LVS uptake by HepG2 cells was greatly enhanced by the formulation in ZN. A cell cycle analysis indicated that LVS induced a significant cell accumulation in the G2/M and pre-G phases. In this regard, the LVS-ZN NPs exhibited the highest potency. The accumulation in the pre-G phase indicated an enhanced pro-apoptotic activity of the prepared formula. The cells incubated with the LVS-ZN NPs showed the highest percentage of cells with annexin-V positive staining. In addition, the same incubations showed the highest content of caspase-3 enzyme in comparison to raw LVS or ZN. Thus, the loading of LVS in ZN nanoparticles enhances its anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cells, which is attributed, at least partly, to the enhanced cellular uptake and the induction of apoptosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.