Observational studyJournal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
Moderately High Tenofovir Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots Indicates Drug Resistance in Viremic Persons Living with HIV.
Observational study in Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors of 007 triphosphate concentrations in dried blood spots in persons with hepatitis C and active drug or alcohol use.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Trial
- A Cross-Biomeasure Study to Optimize Antiretroviral Adherence Estimation.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Tenofovir-Diphosphate and Emtricitabine-Triphosphate Adherence Benchmarks in Dried Blood Spots for Persons With HIV Receiving Tenofovir Alafenamide and Emtricitabine-Based Antiretroviral Therapy (QUANTI-TAF).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Observational
- Tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots and HIV-1 resistance in South Africa.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Observational
- Prevalence and predictors of viral load suppression in adults living with HIV in the western region of Ghana: A cross-sectional study.AIMS public health · 2023Article
- Use of Tenofovir Diphosphate Levels to Predict Viremia During the Postpartum Period in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A Nested Case-Control Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Cumulative tenofovir diphosphate exposure in persons with HIV taking single- vs. multiple-tablet regimens.Pharmacotherapy · 2022Article
- Drug Resistance, Rather than Low Tenofovir Levels in Blood or Urine, Is Associated with Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, and Efavirenz Failure in Resource-Limited Settings.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Article
- Tenofovir Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots in Pregnant and Postpartum Women With HIV in Kenya: A Novel Approach to Measuring Peripartum Adherence.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2022Article
- Tenofovir diphosphate levels in dried blood spots are associated with virologic failure and resistance to first-line therapy in South Africa: a case-control cohort study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
- Higher medication complexity in persons with HIV is associated with lower tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots.Pharmacotherapy · 2021Article
- Lower Cumulative Antiretroviral Exposure in People Living With HIV and Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Article
- Approaches to Objectively Measure Antiretroviral Medication Adherence and Drive Adherence Interventions.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Enzymatic Assay for Rapid Measurement of Antiretroviral Drug Levels.ACS sensors · 2020Article
- Tenofovir alafenamide use in pregnant and lactating women living with HIV.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2020Review
- Beyond HIV viral load: application of pharmacologic measures to identify ART adherence mismatch.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBS) is a strong predictor of viral suppression in persons living with HIV (PLWH). Its association with antiretroviral therapy (ART) resistance remains unknown.
methodsBlood was collected in PLWH receiving TDF-containing ART enrolled in a 48-week study. Tenofovir diphosphate/emtricitabine triphosphate (FTC-TP) were quantified from the same sample as HIV viral load (VL) in PLWH who developed resistance within ≤12 months.
resultsThe study enrolled 807 participants, of whom 10 had new resistance-conferring mutations. Among these, median (interquartile range) TFV-DP and HIV VL were 956 (407-1510) fmol/punch and 9840 (513-68,200) copies/mL, respectively. Five had quantifiable FTC-TP in DBS. Based on previously published data, a TFV-DP concentration of 956 fmol/punch would have an adjusted odds of virologic suppression of 32.8 versus TFV-DP <350 fmol/punch, making viremia of ∼10,000 copies/mL an unexpected outcome.
conclusionModerately high TFV-DP in DBS (700-1249 fmol/punch) in PLWH with high viremia suggest that antiretroviral drug resistance might be present.
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