ArticleBMJ global health2019
Redefining typhoid diagnosis: what would an improved test need to look like?
Article in BMJ global health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04673487 (Comparative Study of Commercially Available Typhoid Point of Care Tests to Benchmark Current and Emerging Tools), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Study of Commercially Available Typhoid Point of Care Tests to Benchmark Current and Emerging Tools
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Facilitating the use of the target product profile in academic research: a systematic review.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Pooled it
- A target product profile and roadmap for Japanese encephalitis diagnostics in endemic areas in the context of other flaviviruses.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Use of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Hemolysin E and Lipopolysaccharide IgA to Identify Enteric Fever Cases, South Asia.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Seroincidence Rate of Typhoidal Salmonella in Children, Kenya, 2017-2018.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Typhoid Fever in Ghana: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mass of components and material distribution in lateral flow assay kits.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Article
- Colorimetric CRISPR Biosensor: A Case Study with Salmonella Typhi.ACS sensors · 2025Article
- Evaluating alternatives to the Widal test for typhoid fever diagnosis in developing countries: A targeted literature review.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Review
- Evaluation of a point-of-care multiplex immunochromatographic assay for the diagnosis of typhoid: results from a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2024Observational
- Enhancing the Interpretability of Malaria and Typhoid Diagnosis with Explainable AI and Large Language Models.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Development of a target product profile for new glucose self-monitoring technologies for use in low- and middle-income countries.PloS one · 2024Article
- Seroepidemiology for Enteric Fever: Emerging Approaches and Opportunities.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Typhoid Control in an Era of Antimicrobial Resistance: Challenges and Opportunities.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Diagnostics for Typhoid Fever: Current Perspectives and Future Outlooks for Product Development and Access.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- The Prevalence of UndiagnosedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Comparative Analysis of Commercially Available Typhoid Point-of-Care Tests: Results of a Prospective and Hybrid Retrospective Multicenter Diagnostic Accuracy Study in Kenya and Pakistan.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2022Article
- Antenatal screenings and maternal diagnosis among pregnant women in Sao Tome & Principe-Missed opportunities to improve neonatal health: A hospital-based study.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- The Burden of Typhoid Fever in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Perspective.Research and reports in tropical medicine · 2022Review
- Enteric fever.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTyphoid fever is one of the most common bacterial causes of acute febrile illness in the developing world, with an estimated 10.9 million new cases and 116.8 thousand deaths in 2017. Typhoid point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests are widely used but have poor sensitivity and specificity, resulting in antibiotic overuse that has led to the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant strains. With recent advances in typhoid surveillance and detection, this is the ideal time to produce a target product profile (TPP) that guides product development and ensure that a next-generation test meets the needs of users in the resource-limited settings where typhoid is endemic.
methodsA structured literature review was conducted to develop a draft TPP for a next-generation typhoid diagnostic test with minimal and optimal desired characteristics for 36 test parameters. The TPP was refined using feedback collected from a Delphi survey of key stakeholders in clinical medicine, microbiology, diagnostics and public and global health.
resultsA next-generation typhoid diagnostic test should improve patient management through the diagnosis and treatment of infection with acute
conclusionThis report outlines the first comprehensive TPP for typhoid fever and is intended to guide the development of a next-generation typhoid diagnostic test. An accurate POC test will reduce the morbidity and mortality of typhoid fever through rapid diagnosis and treatment and will have the greatest impact in reducing antimicrobial resistance if it is combined with diagnostics for other causes of acute febrile illness in a treatment algorithm.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.