SynthesisRMD open2019
Efficacy and safety of topical and systemic medications: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of Sjögren's syndrome.
Synthesis in RMD open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of physical activity on health-related outcomes in Sjögren's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study on the effects of a cathepsin S inhibitor in primary Sjögren's syndrome.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Trial
- Effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cells therapy on clinical response in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of SA001 in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Patient-Reported Symptoms Versus Clinician-Measured Signs to Distinguish Sjogren's in Patients With Dry Eye.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- A Review of the Current Clinical Aspects of Sjögren's Disease: Geographical Difference, Classification/Diagnostic Criteria, Recent Advancements in Diagnostic Methods, and Molecular Targeted Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Cyclosporine a in the treatment of dry eye disease: a narrative review.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Case Report: A Chinese woman with primary Sjögren's syndrome presented with simultaneous involvement of the cerebral and coronary arteries as initial symptoms.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The Oral Microbial Ecosystem in Age-Related Xerostomia: A Critical Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Recent Advances in Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Imaging, and Treatment of Sjögren's Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Iguratimod suppresses plasma cell differentiation and ameliorates experimental Sjögren's syndrome in mice by promoting TEC kinase degradation.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2024Article
- Update on the pathophysiology and treatment of primary Sjögren syndrome.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- Treatment of non-systemic Sjögren's syndrome: Potential prevention of systematization with immunosuppressant agent/biotherapy.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Targets in the Management of Dry Eye Disease Associated with Sjögren's Syndrome: An Updated Review of Current Insights and Future Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Manifestations and management of Sjögren's disease.Arthritis research & therapy · 2024Review
- Contribution of kelp dashi liquid to sustainable maintenance of taste sensation and promotion of healthy eating in older adults throughout the umami-taste salivary reflex.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Identification of drug targets for Sjögren's syndrome: multi-omics Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Current developments and opportunities of pluripotent stem cells-based therapies for salivary gland hypofunction.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Current Views on Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Sjögren's Syndrome: A Review from the Perspective of Viral Infections, Toll-like Receptors, and Long-Noncoding RNAs.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 16 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate current evidence on the efficacy and safety of topical and systemic medications in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (SjS) to inform European League Against Rheumatism treatment recommendations. Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for case-control/prospective cohort studies, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews. Results: Current evidence in primary SjS patients fulfilling the 2002 criteria is based on the data from 9 RCTs, 18 prospective cohort studies and 5 case-control studies. Two Cochrane systematic literature reviews (SLRs) have reported that topical treatments for dry mouth and dry eye are safe and effective. Ocular cyclosporine A was safe and effective in two RCTs including 1039 patients with dry eye syndrome. Two Cochrane SLRs on serum tear drops and plugs showed inconsistency in possible benefits, both for symptoms and objective measures. Five RCTs reported significant improvements in oral dryness and salivary flow rates for pilocarpine and cevimeline. An RCT showed no significant placebo-differences for hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day for the primary outcome (visual analogue scale (VAS) composite of dryness, fatigue and pain). We identified seven RCTs carried out in primary SjS patients. RCTs using infliximab, anakinra and baminercept found no placebo-differences for the primary outcomes. The two largest RCTs randomised 255 patients to receive rituximab or placebo and reported no significant results in the primary outcome (VAS composite), while prospective studies suggested efficacy in systemic disease. Conclusion: The current evidence supporting the use of the main topical therapeutic options of primary SjS is solid, while limited data from RCTs are available to guide systemic therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.