ArticleFrontiers in immunology2019
Exosomes Derived From M2b Macrophages Attenuate DSS-Induced Colitis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of extracellular vesicles as a cell-free therapy in colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Advances in the research of the role of macrophage/microglia polarization-mediated inflammatory response in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Macrophage Subsets and Death Are Responsible for Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Macrophage heterogeneity in organ fibrosis in the era of single-cell omics.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Emerging therapeutic potential of umbilical cord-derived extracellular vesicles in lung-injurious diseases: a review of recent advances.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- FomA-Containing Outer Membrane Vesicles of Fusobacterium Nucleatum Facilitate Bladder Cancer Lymphatic Metastasis via IL-6-Dependent M2b Macrophage Polarization.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Immunoregulatory protein-hybrid extracellular vesicles via self-loadable backbone cyclization for oral inflammatory bowel disease therapy.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Review
- Are All Cells Created Equal? Novel Cell-Based Regenerative Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Inflammation-triggered self-immolative conjugates enable oral peptide delivery by overcoming gastrointestinal barriers.Science advances · 2026Article
- Exosomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanisms, Diagnostic Potential, and Engineering Strategies for Precision Therapy.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Macrophage-driven inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Macrophage plasticity in thyroid eye disease: dual effects of inflammation and fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The role of extracellular vesicles in the transport and regulation of novel inflammatory mediators in IBD and its associated CRC.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Novel perspective on immune cell regulation in gastrointestinal inflammation: the role of extracellular vesicles and therapeutic prospects.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Identification of LILRB4 as a regulator of M2c macrophages and a potential immunotherapeutic target in ovarian cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The plasticity and metabolic reprogramming of macrophage in ulcerative colitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Foam cells: tracing the diverse cellular origins and their linked signaling pathways.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Macrophage-derived exosomes in autoimmune diseases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications.Immunologic research · 2025Review
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages are commonly classified as M1 macrophages or M2 macrophages. The M2 macrophages are further sub-categorized into M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d subtypes. The M2a, M2b, and M2c subtypes play roles in anti-inflammatory activity, tissue remodeling, type 2 T helper cell (Th2) activation, and immunoregulation. Previous studies have shown that macrophage exosomes can affect some disease processes. Exosomes are 30-150-nm lipid bilayer membrane vesicles derived from most living cells, with important biological functions. The role of exosomes in preventing the development of autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has evoked increasing interest. Here, we analyze the roles of exosomes derived from M2a, M2b, and M2c macrophage phenotypes in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Exosomes were isolated from the supernatant of different types of macrophages and identified via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blotting, and NanoSight. The results showed that M2b macrophage exosomes significantly attenuated the severity of DSS-induced colitis in mice. The number of regulatory T (Treg) cells in the spleens of mice with colitis and levels of IL-4 both increased following treatment with M2b macrophage exosomes. In addition, key cytokines associated with colitis (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A) were significantly suppressed, following treatment with M2b macrophage exosomes. The M2b macrophage exosomes exerted protective effects on DSS-induced colitis, mainly mediated by the CC chemokine 1 (CCL1)/CCR8 axis. These findings provide a novel approach for the treatment of IBD.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.