ArticleMolecular psychiatry2021
Three genetic-environmental networks for human personality.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenotypic and genetic analysis of a wellbeing factor score in the UK Biobank and the impact of childhood maltreatment and psychiatric illness.Translational psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Outcomes of Randomized Clinical Trials of Interventions to Enhance Social, Emotional, and Spiritual Components of Wisdom: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Judgment behaviors differentiate depression from anxiety.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Research Involvement, Career Determinants, Study Experiences, and Personality Traits of Health-Care Students and Workers: The Research In-Depth Study Protocol.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Sexual Orientation and Personality Dimensions Measured by the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory among Adolescents.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Perceptions of Monica Geller inBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Candidate genes related to spiritual mediumship: a whole-exome sequencing analysis of highly gifted mediums.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2025Article
- Article
- The Big, the Dark, and the Biopsychosocial Shades of Harmony: Personality Traits and Harmony in Life.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Evaluation of an integration community project for asylum seekers in Sweden: physical activity adherence and changes in character traits and life satisfaction.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Gene expression networks regulated by human personality.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- Nursing students' personality (Temperament and Character), burnout symptoms, and health and well-being.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2024Article
- Discriminant analysis of ecological factors influencing sarcopenia in older people in South Korea.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Construct and criterion validity of the HiTOP spectra to predict dimensional and categorical somatization in a large non-western sample.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Temperament & Character account for brain functional connectivity at rest: A diathesis-stress model of functional dysregulation in psychosis.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- Neural Correlates of Antisocial Behavior: The Victim's Perspective.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Disentangling the personality pathways to well-being.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Three joint temperament-character configurations account for learning, personality and well-being: normative demographic findings in a representative national population.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- The relationship between parenting behavior and the personality of kindergarten children.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors at 12 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phylogenetic, developmental, and brain-imaging studies suggest that human personality is the integrated expression of three major systems of learning and memory that regulate (1) associative conditioning, (2) intentionality, and (3) self-awareness. We have uncovered largely disjoint sets of genes regulating these dissociable learning processes in different clusters of people with (1) unregulated temperament profiles (i.e., associatively conditioned habits and emotional reactivity), (2) organized character profiles (i.e., intentional self-control of emotional conflicts and goals), and (3) creative character profiles (i.e., self-aware appraisal of values and theories), respectively. However, little is known about how these temperament and character components of personality are jointly organized and develop in an integrated manner. In three large independent genome-wide association studies from Finland, Germany, and Korea, we used a data-driven machine learning method to uncover joint phenotypic networks of temperament and character and also the genetic networks with which they are associated. We found three clusters of similar numbers of people with distinct combinations of temperament and character profiles. Their associated genetic and environmental networks were largely disjoint, and differentially related to distinct forms of learning and memory. Of the 972 genes that mapped to the three phenotypic networks, 72% were unique to a single network. The findings in the Finnish discovery sample were blindly and independently replicated in samples of Germans and Koreans. We conclude that temperament and character are integrated within three disjoint networks that regulate healthy longevity and dissociable systems of learning and memory by nearly disjoint sets of genetic and environmental influences.
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