ArticleScientific reports2019
Freezing of gaze during action preparation under threat imminence.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electrocortical and Physiological Correlates of Memory and Attention During the Anticipation of Avoidable and Inevitable Threats.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Active avoidance of potential threat is reflected in oscillatory brain activity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Differential modulation of freezing and 22-kHz USVs by shock intensity, tone-duration matching, and anxiety levels in rodent fear-conditioning paradigms.Learning & behavior · 2025Article
- Overcoming Automatic Behavioral Tendencies in Approach-Avoidance Conflict Decisions.Psychophysiology · 2025Article
- A gaze into the void: Anticipatory saccades toward prevented events.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2025Article
- Central amygdala-to-pre-Bötzinger complex neurotransmission is direct and inhibitory.The European journal of neuroscience · 2024Article
- Social threat avoidance depends on action-outcome predictability.Communications psychology · 2024Article
- Expectations guide predictive eye movements and information sampling during face recognition.iScience · 2024Article
- Electrocortical Responses in Anticipation of Avoidable and Inevitable Threats: A Multisite Study.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Pupil dilation reflects effortful action invigoration in overcoming aversive Pavlovian biases.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- The neurocomputational link between defensive cardiac states and approach-avoidance arbitration under threat.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Exploring hazard anticipation and stress while driving in light of defensive behavior theory.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Beyond Fear, Extinction, and Freezing: Strategies for Improving the Translational Value of Animal Conditioning Research.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Freezing revisited: coordinated autonomic and central optimization of threat coping.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2022Review
- The gene environment aetiology of freezing and its relationship with internalizing symptoms during adolescence.EBioMedicine · 2022Article
- Centralized gaze as an adaptive component of defensive states in humans.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2022Article
- The effects of task-irrelevant threatening stimuli on orienting- and executive attentional processes under cognitive load.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2022Article
- Detecting driver stress and hazard anticipation using real-time cardiac measurement: A simulator study.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
- The effect of courage on stress: The mediating mechanism of behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation in high-risk occupations.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- The Validity of Virtual Courage for Trainees in High-Risk Occupations.Psychology research and behavior management · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
When confronted with threatening stimuli, animals typically respond with freezing behavior characterized by reduced movement and heart rate deceleration. Freezing-like responses during threat anticipation have also been observed in humans and are associated with anxiety. Recent evidence yet suggests that freezing does not necessarily reflect helpless immobility but can also aid the preparation of a threat escape. To investigate which further behavioral responses human freezing encompasses, we presented 50 young adults (10 male) with aversive stimuli that could sometimes be avoided while measuring gaze, cardiovascular and electrodermal activity. In trials in which the threat could be escaped, participants displayed reduced heart rate, increased electrodermal activity and reduced visual exploration. Furthermore, heart rate deceleration and restricted visual exploration predicted the speed of flight responses. These results provide evidence for freezing behavior in measures of visual exploration and suggest that such responding is adaptive in preparing the subsequent escape of approaching threats.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.