ArticleNature communications2019
Towards the application of Tc toxins as a universal protein translocation system.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ancestral neuronal receptors are bacterial accessory toxins.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Anthrax Toxin: A Pioneer of Targeted Protein Toxins.Toxins · 2025Review
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- Injection of Affibodies by a Self-Organizing Bacterial Syringe to Interfere with Intracellular Signaling.Toxins · 2025Article
- Mechanistic Insights into the Tools for Intracellular Protein Delivery.Chem & bio engineering · 2025Review
- Evaluating TcAs for Use in Biotechnology Applications.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2025Article
- Multistate kinetics of the syringe-like injection mechanism of Tc toxins.Science advances · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Structure and activation mechanism of the Makes caterpillars floppy 1 toxin.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Structures of the Insecticidal Toxin Complex Subunit XptA2 Highlight Roles for Flexible Domains.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Recent insights into mechanisms of cellular toxicity and cell recognition associated with the ABC family of pore-forming toxins.Biochemical Society transactions · 2023Article
- DARPins bind their cytosolic targets after having been translocated through the protective antigen pore of anthrax toxin.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Pore-Forming Proteins: From Pore Assembly to Structure by Quantitative Single-Molecule Imaging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Native structure of mosquito salivary protein uncovers domains relevant to pathogen transmission.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Insecticidal Activity of Chitinases fromToxins · 2022Article
- Mechanism of threonine ADP-ribosylation of F-actin by a Tc toxin.Nature communications · 2022Article
- N-terminal signal peptides facilitate the engineering of PVC complex as a potent protein delivery system.Science advances · 2022Article
- Targeted intracellular delivery of Cas13 and Cas9 nucleases using bacterial toxin-based platforms.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Nematophilic bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes and drug development of their biomolecules.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tc toxins are bacterial protein complexes that inject cytotoxic enzymes into target cells using a syringe-like mechanism. Tc toxins are composed of a membrane translocator and a cocoon that encapsulates a toxic enzyme. The toxic enzyme varies between Tc toxins from different species and is not conserved. Here, we investigate whether the toxic enzyme can be replaced by other small proteins of different origin and properties, namely Cdc42, herpes simplex virus ICP47, Arabidopsis thaliana iLOV, Escherichia coli DHFR, Ras-binding domain of CRAF kinase, and TEV protease. Using a combination of electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography and in vitro translocation assays, we demonstrate that it is possible to turn Tc toxins into customizable molecular syringes for delivering proteins of interest across membranes. We also infer the guidelines that protein cargos must obey in terms of size, charge, and fold in order to apply Tc toxins as a universal protein translocation system.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.