SynthesisTranslational psychiatry2019
The association between antibodies to neurotropic pathogens and bipolar disorder : A study in the Dutch Bipolar (DB) Cohort and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Translational psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Specificity of environmental risk factors for schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and depressive disorders - umbrella review.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Unveiling the Interplay of EBV, HSV-1, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Psychiatric Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Toxoplasma gondii IgG serointensity and cognitive function in bipolar disorder.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2024Article
- Viral infections in etiology of mental disorders: a broad analysis of cytokine profile similarities - a narrative review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Effect of Cytomegalovirus Infection on the Central Nervous System: Implications for Psychiatric Disorders.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Implications of the Microbial Hypothesis of Mental Illness.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Review
- Back to the Future: The Role of Infections in Psychopathology. Focus on OCD.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2022Article
- Article
- Infections, inflammation, and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders: the neglected role of "co-infection".Heliyon · 2020Review
- Autoantibody-associated psychiatric symptoms and syndromes in adults: A narrative review and proposed diagnostic approach.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Exposure to neurotropic pathogens has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for the development of bipolar disorder (BD). However, evidence so far is inconsistent. We, therefore, analyzed the seroprevalence and titer levels of IgG antibodies against several herpesviruses and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in plasma of 760 patients with a bipolar disorder, 144 first-degree matched relatives and 132 controls of the Dutch Bipolar (DB) Cohort using ELISA. In addition, we performed a literature-based meta-analysis on the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against these pathogens (n = 14). Our results in the DB Cohort and subsequent meta-analysis (n = 2364 BD patients, n = 5101 controls) show no association between exposure to herpesviruses and bipolar disorder (HSV-1 [adjusted OR 0.842, 95% CI 0.567-1.230], HSV-2 [adjusted OR 0.877, 95% CI 0.437-1.761], CMV [adjusted OR 0.884 95% CI 0.603-1.295], EBV [adjusted OR 0.968 95% CI 0.658-1.423]). In the DB Cohort, we did not find an association between bipolar disorder and T. gondii titer or seroprevalence either [adjusted OR 1.018, 95% CI 0.672-1.542]. The overall OR was not significant for T. gondii [OR: 1.4, 95% CI 0.95-1.90, p = 0.09), but subgroup analyses in age groups below 40 years showed a significantly increased seroprevalence of T. gondii IgGs in BD [OR: 1.8 (95% CI 1.10-2.89, p = 0.021]. Our meta-analysis indicates that T. gondii exposure may be a risk factor for BD in certain subpopulations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.