Observational studyBMJ open2019
Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their association with multimorbidity and demographic factors: a community-based, cross-sectional survey in Karachi, Pakistan.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Metformin as an Adjunct to Standard Antidepressant Therapy in Treating Depression Among Obese Patients
Effects of Exercises and Vitamins on Oxidative Stress & Inflammatory Markers Among Patients with Depression
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Patterns of multimorbidity and some psychiatric disorders: A systematic review of the literature.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Maternal mental health and its influence on children's early development: Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.Infant mental health journal · 2026Article
- Feasibility and acceptability of technology-assisted problem management plus (TA-PM+) in community settings in Pakistan: a pre-post mixed-methods study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The relationship between frailty and multimorbidity in Chinese older adults: the chain mediating effects of sleep quality and anxiety.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- The psychobiotic revolution: comprehending the optimistic role of gut microbiota on gut-brain axis during neurological and Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Home-based digital counselling by frontline community workers for anxiety and depression symptoms in rural Sindh, Pakistan: the mPareshan intervention.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Feasibility and acceptability of a solution-focused approach to strengthen lay counselling for common mental disorders (DIALOG+) in Pakistan: mixed methods study.BJPsych international · 2025Article
- Assessing psychological resilience and its influencing factors in the MSM population by machine learning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Its Association with Religiosity and Spiritual Intelligence Among Adults in Rural Puducherry, India: A Community-Based Study.Journal of religion and health · 2025Article
- Association of Anxiety and Depression With Suicidal Thoughts and Suicidal Ideation Amongst Dental Personnel-A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Anxiety status in outpatients of Type-2 diabetes mellitus.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Impact of Demographic Factors on the Treatment Response of Antidepressant Therapy: A Descriptive Cohort Study from Pakistan.La Tunisie medicale · 2025 · on this mapArticle
- Cardiometabolic multimorbidity and symptoms of common mental disorders in a primary healthcare system for low-income urban population in Pakistan.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Clustering the Depression Prevalence in Indonesia Provinces through Natural Breaks Jenks Method.Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH · 2025Article
- Article
- Technology-Assisted Mental Health Intervention Delivered by Frontline Workers at Community Doorsteps for Reducing Anxiety and Depression in Rural Pakistan: Protocol for the mPareshan Mixed Methods Implementation Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Emotional distress and multimorbidity patterns in Chinese Han patients with osteoporosis: a network analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Vitamin B6: A new approach to lowering anxiety, and depression?Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their association with multimorbidity and the demographic characteristics of adults aged 30 years and above in Karachi, Pakistan.
designObservational cross-sectional study. STUDY SETTING AND
participantsThe study was carried out among a general population aged 30 years and above residing in the Gulshan-e-Iqbal town of Karachi, Pakistan. The study participants were recruited using the systematic random sampling approach based on the inclusion criteria. The data collected from 2867 participants were analysed.
main outcome measuresThe primary outcome of the study was the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, measured with the Aga Khan University Anxiety Depression Scale. The secondary outcome was the association of anxiety and depressive symptoms with multimorbidity as well as with the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, using binary logistic regression.
resultsOut of 2867 individuals, 27.4% reported having anxiety and depressive symptoms. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that the presence of multimorbidity (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.33, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.58), female gender (AOR=2.40, 95% CI 2.01 to 2.87), illiteracy (AOR=1.51, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.07), more children (AOR=0.74, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.93) and visiting a faith healer (AOR=2.29, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.88) were the significant factors associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms.
conclusionThis study revealed a moderately high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adults aged 30 years and above in Karachi, Pakistan. The key variables associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms were multimorbidity, female gender, lower level of education, more children and visiting faith healers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.