ReviewCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2019
Sexually dimorphic microglia and ischemic stroke.
Review in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 70 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role and Mechanism of Microglia in White Matter Injury Recovery in Ischemic Stroke.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Pooled it
- Gq Signaling in Microglia Triggers Interferon Responses and Improves Outcome After Ischemic Stroke.Glia · 2026Article
- Article
- Exercise Improves Mitochondrial Homeostasis: A Potential Neuroprotective Strategy for Ischemic Stroke.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dual Role of Microglial TREM2 in Neuronal Degeneration and Regeneration After Axotomy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- TREM2 Facilitates Myelin Debris Clearance but Exacerbates Chronic Inflammation and Fibrosis After Spinal Cord Injury.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- P2X7 Receptor Inhibition Mitigates Microglial Activation, Neuroinflammation, and Secondary Thalamic Damage After Ischemic Stroke.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Garlic-Derived S-allylcysteine Improves Functional Recovery and Neurotrophin Signaling After Brain Ischemia in Female Rats.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Acupuncture Activates PI3K/Akt Pathway to Promote Spinal Microglial M2 Polarization and Alleviate Spastic Hemiplegia Following Ischemic Stroke.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal Double-Edged Sword of Macrophages: Temporal Regulation of Neuroinflammation and Neurorepair in Ischemic Stroke.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- IFI204 in microglia mediates traumatic brain injury-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis via SENP7 interaction.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- Catalpalactone protects rats nerve function from hypoxic lesion by polarizing microglial cells toward M2 phenotype.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective effect of resveratrol on Epac-1/Rap-1 signaling pathway in ischemic stroke rats.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Tryptophan Metabolism via the Kynurenine Pathway in Acute Ischemic Stroke.Clinical therapeutics · 2024Article
- Intermittent fasting induced cerebral ischemic tolerance altered gut microbiome and increased levels of short-chain fatty acids to a beneficial phenotype.Neurochemistry international · 2024Article
- Lactate promotes microglial scar formation and facilitates locomotor function recovery by enhancing histone H4 lysine 12 lactylation after spinal cord injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Gut-Brain Axis: Focus on Sex Differences in Neuroinflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- STING mediates microglial pyroptosis via interaction with NLRP3 in cerebral ischaemic stroke.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2024Article
- Sex Dependent Disparities in the Central Innate Immune Response after Moderate Spinal Cord Contusion in Rat.Cells · 2024Article
- NLRP3 inflammasome in cognitive impairment and pharmacological properties of its inhibitors.Translational neurodegeneration · 2023Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2021
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ischemic stroke kills more women compared with men thus emphasizing a significant sexual dimorphism in ischemic pathophysiological outcomes. However, the mechanisms behind this sexual dimorphism are yet to be fully understood. It is well established that cerebral ischemia activates a variety of inflammatory cascades and that microglia are the primary immune cells of the brain. After ischemic injury, microglia are activated and play a crucial role in progression and resolution of the neuroinflammatory response. In recent years, research has focused on the role that microglia play in this sexual dimorphism that exists in the response to central nervous system (CNS) injury. Evidence suggests that the molecular mechanisms leading to microglial activation and polarization of phenotypes may be influenced by sex, therefore causing a difference in the pro/anti-inflammatory responses after CNS injury. Here, we review advances highlighting that sex differences in microglia are an important factor in the inflammatory responses that are seen after ischemic injury. We discuss the main differences between microglia in the healthy and diseased developing, adult, and aging brain. We also focus on the dimorphism that exists between males and females in microglial-induced inflammation and energy metabolism after CNS injury. Finally, we describe how all of the current research and literature regarding sex differences in microglia contribute to the differences in poststroke responses between males and females.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.